MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF
EMOTIONAL STATE AND WELL-BEING OF A CHILD IN A MODERN FAMILYPereslegina I.V. teacher, MBDOU "Kindergarten "Umka" Abakan
Abstract: the article is devoted to the consideration of the emotional state and well-being of preschool children in a modern family. It is determined that parent-child relationships, being one of the important factors in the emotional well-being of preschool children, have a direct impact on the development of their behavioral habits and criteria for assessing what is happening.
Key words: family, child, emotional state, emotional well-being, psychological climate of the family.
The emotional sphere is the leading one in the mental development of a preschool child and therefore is the basis for the child’s self-awareness. The emotional development of a preschooler is associated, first of all, with the emergence of new interests, motives and needs. The education of emotions remains of leading importance throughout childhood.
Emotion is a complex psychological mechanism that is formed during the child’s lifetime and is an important regulator of behavior and activity in accordance with the needs and interests of the child’s personality. One of the main functions of emotions is that they help to navigate the surrounding reality, evaluate objects and phenomena from the point of view of their desirability, usefulness or harmfulness.
A child’s emotions are diverse, open and often changeable, mobile, impulsive, and unconscious. They are associated with the expression of their capabilities. They are situational and largely depend on the processes of excitation, which prevail over the processes of inhibition.
The concept of “emotional state” is defined as a special state of consciousness, a state of subjective emotional comfort-discomfort ( “I feel good” , I feel bad”), acting as integral sensations of well-being and ill-being in certain subsystems of the body or the whole organism as a whole. HELL. Kosheleva notes that this concept is comparable to the concept of “mood,” which she interprets as a conscious mental state to varying degrees, as a positive or negative emotional background of an individual’s mental life [4]. It is also comparable with the concept of “emotional well-being,” which is defined as a child’s feeling or experience of emotional comfort-discomfort associated with various significant aspects of his life.
The positive emotional background of the child, from the point of view of O.I. Badulina, finds the manifestation of the self in high spirits, a smile and gestures that express openness and relaxation. He easily enters into the process of communication and play, showing interest. The negative emotional background of a preschooler is characterized by depression, bad mood, confusion, and a sad facial expression [2].
In a study of the emotional state of preschool children conducted by D.D. Akbaeva, the basic one is considered to be a stable constructive, comfortable emotional state of the individual, which affects intra-family relationships, the development of the cognitive sphere, emotional-volitional structure, strategy of behavior in stressful situations, relationships with peers [1]. In general, this state is presented by the author as a feeling of emotional well-being, in which three main levels are distinguished: high, medium and low, varying depending on the nature of parent-child interaction. For example, a high level manifests itself in a family where the supportive type of interaction dominates.
A favorable psychological climate of the family leads to family cohesion, the possibility of comprehensive development of the personality of each member, high goodwill and demandingness of family members towards each other, a sense of security and emotional well-being.
E.G. Klachkova characterizes emotional well-being as a stable-positive, comfortable-emotional state of the child, which is the basis of the child’s attitude to the world and influences the characteristics of experiences, the cognitive sphere, emotional-volitional, style of experiencing stressful situations, relationships with peers [3]. Emotional well-being is formed under the influence of upbringing and training, during the acquisition of individual life experience. In this regard, the formation of emotions in children cannot be separated from the problems of education.
The family not only provides the child with optimal opportunities for the formation of his personality, but also naturally introduces him into ever-expanding social relationships and helps create the preconditions for his socialization. The child undergoes the process of forming emotional behavior in relation to himself and other family members, he learns to react emotionally to constantly changing interaction situations. Deep contacts with parents create a stable state of life in children, a feeling of confidence and reliability, and form the prerequisites for emotional well-being. Children who grow up in an atmosphere of love and understanding have fewer problems related to health and communication with peers. Violation of parent-child relationships often becomes a source of various psychological problems.
Unfortunately, modern parents, not realizing the full responsibility for the development of the child’s personality, underestimate the role of parent-child relationships. In such a situation, the child can uncritically assimilate the norms and patterns of behavior presented to him. Parents need to remember that the foundation of positive self-perception laid in preschool age will ensure favorable personal development. Parental position is one of the important factors influencing the formation of “I” . A rejected and rejected preschooler feels unwanted, superfluous, relegated to the background in the family. Accordingly, he will develop a negative “I” “I am bad” ).
A child feels just as superfluous when his parents avoid communicating with him, do not participate in games, hardly notice him, and are constantly busy with their own affairs. The reduced emotional tone of the father and mother, the inflexibility of the relationship with the child, emotional “deafness,” and concentration on one’s own experiences also have a destructive impact. This creates in the child feelings of distrust of adults, his own uselessness, and forms a conflict type of personality.
It is worth emphasizing that the emotional atmosphere of the family, having a significant impact on the formation of the child’s health, consists of the pedagogical competence of family members and the quality of their relationships. The family today experiences a lack of competence regarding the formation of positive social attitudes in children. In this regard, it is necessary to help the family acquire pedagogical competence - this is one of the areas of work of teachers to support children’s health.
Thus, the family undoubtedly plays a huge role in the process of personality development of a preschooler. Parents are obliged to ensure the emotional well-being of each child, preserve and strengthen his emotional health, and contribute to the formation of a positive self ; to form basic personality qualities that ensure the successful socialization of the child; develop an understanding of one’s role in the immediate sociocultural space.
Bibliography
- Akbaeva, D.D. Psychological features of the emotional well-being of a child in the family / D.D. Akbaeva // Problems of modern pedagogical education. – 2021. – No. 55-3. – P. 299 – 306.
- Badulina, O.I. Pedagogical foundations of the emotional well-being of preschool children: abstract. dis…. Ph.D. ped. Sci. – M., 1998. – 22 p.
- Klachkova, E.G. Emotional health of preschool children as the basis of social and communicative development / E.G. Klachkova // Methodist. – 2015. – No. 9. – P. 66 – 68.
- Kosheleva, A.D. Emotional development of preschool children / A.D. Kosheleva, V.I Pereguda, O.A. Shagraeva. – M.: Academy, 2003. – 176 p.
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Consultation for parents. Emotional well-being of the child in the family
Rules of emotional education or some tips for parents
In the modern world, where parents are too busy with work and children spend too much time at the computer, emotional education and the development of the emotional sphere in children are of particular importance.
The emotional sphere is one of the most important components of the human personality.
Fear and delight, sadness and joy, melancholy and inspiration form the basis of our life. Negative emotions make a person suffer. Trying to get rid of them, parents instill in their children incorrect response patterns. But it is negative emotions that warn us of danger, force us to be attentive, and promote self-improvement. To succeed in life, to become an adequate person, you need to learn to correctly understand emotional signals and act consciously. Positive emotions, on the contrary, inspire you. Some adults strive too much for pleasure and make it the meaning of their lives. Such rules of upbringing turn offspring into demanding and capricious tyrants. Most people perceive fun as something rare, possible only “on holidays” and on a special occasion. They grow up children who, having matured, do not know how to rejoice just like that. People are not born optimists or pessimists. If parents tend to see, first of all, the good in any event, then their children will inherit an optimistic worldview. Parents who often punish their children and strictly monitor their mistakes provoke the formation of pessimism and uncertainty. Emotional education is teaching a child to a certain type of response. The ability to cope with emotions, control over difficult experiences and empathy are what all parents should teach their children. Without this, a happy and psychologically healthy life is impossible. Talking about feelings
The first thing you should teach your child is to label emotions with words.
Even the youngest children need this. When you tell your baby, “I know you're sad,” you're letting him know that he's understood and that he now knows what to call what he's feeling. According to research, labeling an emotion has a calming effect on the nervous system and helps children recover faster from unpleasant incidents. The moment we talk about an emotion, the left lobe of the brain, where the centers of language and logic are located, is activated, which helps us concentrate and calm down. Recommendation for parents: teach children to describe their feelings, help them choose the right words.
To do this, you need to expand your child’s vocabulary. Remember: an expressed emotion is much easier to experience. There are no bad emotions
One of the main mistakes of parents is the desire to hide, silence or ignore the negative emotions of children.
Many parents believe that emotions will go away on their own, but that is a misconception that makes children think that being angry is bad and unacceptable. Anyone who is angry is disgusting. The result: children begin to fear “bad” feelings. Don't forget : negative experiences pass faster if you pay attention to them.
Discuss them with your children, try to understand and understand them. Don't scold children for their feelings
Very often, parents try to suppress their children's emotions with phrases like "Stop crying" or "You shouldn't feel like that." This is a huge mistake. When we tell a child how he should feel, we cause him to mistrust his feelings, which leads to self-doubt and loss of self-esteem. On the other hand, when we tell a child that he feels correctly, but he needs other ways of expression, we preserve his character and maintain his self-esteem. In addition, he knows that there is an understanding adult next to him who is going to help him.
No punishments
The simplest and at the same time the most incorrect way to influence a child is through threats and punishment. It only works in the short term, immediately making children behave well. But in the future it leads to even greater behavioral problems. Children who are constantly punished do not know how to solve problems and control themselves. Punishment makes them feel helpless and constantly resentful towards their parents. Often such children begin to think more about revenge than about wanting to do better next time. In addition, any methods of punishment teach that aggression and threats are a great way to get your way. Children who are spanked begin to act more hostile and aggressive with their peers.
Crisis is an opportunity
Any conflicts, difficulties and negative experiences of your child are not only a problem, but also a good opportunity to become closer to him and teach him empathy. When you work through a problem with your child, you are teaching him a lesson about managing his feelings. We no longer have to view our children's anger as a challenge to our authority, their children's fears as evidence of our incompetence as parents, and their sadness as "another damn problem I have to deal with today." When a child feels sad, angry or afraid, he needs his parents most. By acknowledging our children's emotions, we teach them the art of self-soothing that they will use throughout their lives.
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