Card index of didactic games on the topic “My kindergarten”, second junior group

“What a wonderful baby, are you already going to kindergarten?” - this phrase in the modern world can be officially recognized as an introductory phrase for meeting mothers on the playground.

Further, the conversation will most likely develop in two planes: “we don’t plan to send the child to kindergarten at all” or “socialization is important for the child, we are waiting for a state kindergarten, but for now we are going to a private one.”

And it cannot be said with certainty that this family is doing the right thing by categorically opposing the kindergarten, and the other is not. It all depends on the individual child and his parents.

In this article we will try to answer the question of whether it is worth sending your child to kindergarten, and consider all the pros and cons.

Do parents need kindergarten?

Parents, just like their children, are different. Some people have the opportunity not to send their child to kindergarten, but for others, kindergarten is an urgent need.

Let's look at the advantages available to parents whose children attend kindergarten.

1. Mom is socializing . After three years on maternity leave, when a trip to the store and then a holiday, my mother will happily return to work.
2. Independence . No one will stand with a spoon, persuading you to eat, or gently dress you, telling you how great it will be on a walk. This means that the child will be forced to acquire self-care skills: falling asleep, eating, dressing, and using the potty on his own.
3. Launch speech . Silent children learn to express their desires in words in the absence of a sensitive mother who understands her child without words. And in order to play with peers, you will need to master speech.

There are also disadvantages:

1. A child’s behavior can change dramatically: a quiet, obedient baby can suddenly turn into a hysterical one; peaceful - start fighting and snatch objects from your hands.
2. A mother who hastened to go to work will be forced to sit on endless sick leave, since the child will go to kindergarten for three days and then be sick for weeks.
3. Regression is possible: a child who spoke clearly may begin to mumble, imitating non-speaking peers.

How to help your child adapt to kindergarten?

Most adults are worried about leaving their child in kindergarten. This is quite normal, since the baby is there alone among unfamiliar adults and equally confused peers.

But every parent wants to help their child easily overcome such a difficult period! How to do it? Teachers and psychologists give the following recommendations:

1. Parents' anxiety increases the baby's fears, so try to be calm and balanced, surrounding your child with a sense of security.
2. Talk to your child about kindergarten. This is good to do at the preparatory stage of adaptation: arouse his interest, tell him how many children there are and how much fun they have, what games he can play with them.
3. While walking, pass by a kindergarten, draw your child’s attention to the bright playgrounds and children frolicking there, making him want to join. Try to walk more often in any weather, let your child get used to the fact that you will go to preschool in both snow and rain. The purpose of conversations and walks around the kindergarten is to create a positive image, an understanding of how fun, calm and safe it is, even in the absence of parents.
4. Talk through your baby's daily routine: breakfast, games, walk, lunch, sleep, dinner, and so on. Let him know at what point you will come for him today, so that the child is calm and knows that after dinner he will see his mother again. And be sure to come at the specified time.
5. Together with your child, come up with a farewell ritual. It can be anything: a kiss, a handshake, clapping your hands, tickling or funny sounds. It is important to adhere to this ritual before parting in the garden and outside it. This will give the baby a feeling of security.
6. If the kindergarten rules allow, allow your child to take his favorite toy with him. In the absence of parents, it will give peace and remind you of home, where it is so warm and cozy.
7. If it is difficult for a child to part with his mother, then the father or another family member can take him to kindergarten.
8. During the adaptation period, try not to start something new and generally change your usual way of life (for example, travel, moving, long business trips for parents, divorce) so that the child does not have reasons for additional stress.
9. Read books in which the main characters started attending kindergarten. Publications with such stories can be easily found in any bookstore. Create different situations with your baby’s favorite toys: “Tim the Rabbit with the children on a walk”, “Nina the Horse sleeps in a quiet hour” and so on. Let these stories become familiar and understandable to the child.

Does your child need kindergarten?

To answer this question, watch your child: does he quickly adapt to new conditions, does he like to communicate with other children, does he easily let his mother go on errands? If yes, then most likely your child will be interested in kindergarten.

Benefits of kindergarten for a child

Let's look at the benefits that attending kindergarten gives a child.

1. Socialization . The child understands that here he is on equal terms with other children, and not the center of the Universe, like at home. He has to learn to talk and negotiate with his environment.
2. Clear daily routine . Children at home neglect daytime sleep, yet it is necessary for the development of the nervous system.
3. Nutrition . In the garden you won’t be able to survive by snacking on sweets and cookies; here they are provided with hot meals.
4. Developmental activities : modeling, drawing, preparing for school, music classes, physical education - all these activities contribute to the development of the child.
5. Communication with peers . The baby has his own social circle, he understands that he likes to play with some children more, and his first friends appear.
6. Although classes in kindergarten are short in time, they develop perseverance and discipline , which prepares the child for school.

Can a child have problems due to not attending kindergarten?

Many parents are concerned about the question: is it necessary to send their child to kindergarten and will there be problems in the future if he does not attend?

It is believed that children who did not go to kindergarten are less sociable, have more difficulty socializing in first grade, have a slow pace of work and do not know how to work in a team. But, as a rule, these differences are noticeable only in the first months.

Disadvantages of kindergarten for a child

The system also has disadvantages.

1. Stressful situation . New life circumstances are always stressful for a child. In addition, for a baby who is used to being with his mother 24/7, at first it is difficult to be separated from her for so long.
2. Unwanted influence from other children : from swear words to behavioral patterns.
3. Lack of consideration of children's individual characteristics . When explaining material, kindergarten teachers focus on the middle core of the group, so some children, due to their innate characteristics, find learning difficult.

Adaptation in kindergarten - what is it?

Imagine the world of a two or three year old child. He has his beloved mom and dad, toys that are dear to him, a cozy and warm bed, a familiar environment and a comfortable daily routine. And in a moment it changes! His parents take him to an unfamiliar place, where a strange aunt is, there are unfamiliar children everywhere who can hit him and take away his toys, someone is always crying, and in general he becomes sad and just wants to go home! This place is a kindergarten.

Finding yourself in an unfamiliar environment, the child feels confused and experiences severe stress. To get used to new conditions, time must pass, which is called the adaptation period.

When a child begins to attend kindergarten, adaptation affects not only him, but also his parents. But it’s much easier for adults to cope with it, because their bodies are more stress-resistant. Childhood adaptation is more difficult because the baby will have to:

• get used to a different daily routine;
• learn to be independent and do without the help of parents (use the potty, wash hands, drink and eat, undress, get dressed);
• to remain without mom and dad among peers who have different characters, and not all of them will have mutual understanding;
• listen to and comply with the requirements of teachers;
• to be away from familiar things and home environment;
• not getting enough attention. It is especially difficult for only children in the family, who are accustomed to always having time for them.

Degrees of adaptation to kindergarten

Teachers and psychologists distinguish three degrees of children’s adaptation to kindergarten: easy, medium and severe, each of which has its own terms and characteristics.

A mild degree lasts from two weeks to a month. It is characterized by:

• Peaceful sleep for your baby, including daytime and nighttime sleep. If the child wakes up, he falls asleep again easily and quickly.
• A good appetite. Sometimes there is selectivity in food, this is normal.
• Calm and balanced state of the baby.
• A child without hysterics is left without parents and can play independently.
• Ease of behavior with peers and teachers.

Even with this degree of adaptation, the baby may experience sleep and appetite disturbances, slight nervousness and moodiness in the first weeks of visiting kindergarten, because the daily routine changes, new people and responsibilities appear.

The average degree of adaptation lasts 1-2 months. The child gets sick more often, so he attends kindergarten intermittently.

What indicates an average degree of adaptation?

• Restless sleep of the baby, which is often interrupted. Sometimes a child cannot fall asleep at all in the garden.
• Decreased appetite: the baby eats little or flatly refuses any food.
• Inconstancy of emotions. The child is sad and cries, his mood often changes. The baby can play alone, but not for long.
• The child has difficulty parting with his parents, then sits alone.
• The baby does not show much interest in communicating with other children and constantly asks the teacher when he will be picked up.

A severe degree of adaptation lasts from 2 months to six months. In rare cases, the child does not get used to kindergarten at all. Then psychologists and teachers recommend taking a long break or stopping taking your child to preschool.

How to understand that a child has a difficult degree of adaptation to kindergarten?

• The baby does not sleep during the day, sleep is also restless at night, and the child is tormented by fears.
• The appetite is reduced, the baby often refuses to eat.
• Emotions are unstable: the child is thoughtful, withdraws into himself, or, on the contrary, is excited and aggressive.
• Parting with parents is difficult and is accompanied by screams, sobs and hysterics.
• The child does not want to communicate with adults or peers and is withdrawn or aggressive.

We can talk about the completion of adaptation of any degree after the adjustment of sleep, appetite, emotional state, the baby’s behavior when parting with parents and the desire to communicate with other children and adults.

Stages of adaptation of children in kindergarten

This difficult time is divided into three main stages:

• preparatory;
• key;
• final.

Parents need to approach each of them responsibly, because this will determine how easy the child’s adaptation to kindergarten will be.

Preparatory stage

This is the longest and most significant stage; the success of adaptation largely depends on preparation. What should parents do during this period?

1. First of all, gradually expand your child’s social circle and involve him in joint games with other children.
2. Second, start talking about kindergarten early. While walking, pass next to him and tell him how many children there are and how much fun they have playing with each other. Show the bright areas in the garden, watch the kids frolicking there. Let your child develop the idea that the garden is a place for active games in the company of playful peers.
3. Teach your child self-care skills: eat, wash, and go to the toilet independently.
4. At least a couple of months in advance, try to set up a routine, correlating it with the kindergarten’s operating hours. That is, getting up, napping during the day, breakfast, lunch and dinner, walking and going to bed should be at approximately the same time. If you succeed, you will shorten the process of adaptation of your child.

Key stage

This important day has arrived for the baby - he is going to kindergarten for the first time! May this morning be filled with good mood! A delicious breakfast or favorite clothes can cheer him up.

At this stage, the child remains in the child care facility for a maximum of 1-3 hours to get to know the teachers, peers and get used to the regime. The more pleasant emotions the baby receives at this stage, the faster he gets used to it and begins to enjoy joining the new team.

Final stage

The child stays in kindergarten for 3 or more hours, including naps, and then longer.

How to understand that the baby has successfully adapted?

• he remains quietly in the preschool;
• communicates easily with the teacher and other children;
• has good sleep and a healthy appetite;
• emotionally stable, no sudden and frequent mood swings, apathy or aggression.

It is possible to judge the completion of the adaptation process only after several months of the child’s attendance at kindergarten, because frequent illnesses of preschoolers prolong this process. Be patient, your support and love will help your baby calmly overcome this difficult path.

Which children are better off staying at home?

There is such a thing as a “non-kindergarten child”. These are children who just can’t get used to their “second home.” They painfully part with their mother, sobbing and clutching her leg, do not join in the games of their peers, keep to themselves, they cannot get used to the daily routine.

The process of adaptation to kindergarten for such children never ends. And even after several years, the kindergarten seems something terrible to them.

Non-kindergarten children, even if they do not clearly show their dissatisfaction, begin to show it in a different way: often get sick, have trouble sleeping, in some cases nocturnal enuresis appears, the child withdraws into himself and “does not come to life” even at home.

But the percentage of “non-kindergarten children” is small, and many problems are solved with the help of a child psychologist.

There are also children for whom kindergarten is not recommended for health reasons. Such children require individual care, a special regime and activities that a state kindergarten cannot provide them with.

Which children are best sent to kindergarten?

If you have a little lively child growing up at home who is interested in everything around him, then he will be fine in kindergarten. It would be useful to determine the type of temperament of the child. Sanguine and choleric children love to be the center of attention, quickly get used to new conditions and usually ask to go to kindergarten themselves.

Yes, they may also have problems adapting to kindergarten at first, but they quickly find friends and become attached to their teachers.

Phlegmatic and melancholic people, on the contrary, adapt more slowly to a new team and may experience difficulties communicating with other children.

And then, if parents work remotely or are constantly busy with their own affairs, then it is better to send the child to kindergarten. There he will not be busy only watching cartoons, but will also receive communication with peers, educational activities, and in the evening he will be able to quench his thirst for communication with his parents.

The influence of various factors on adaptation

Why do some children adapt easily, while others have difficulty? What influences this process?

Child's age

In many families, after the birth of a baby, the level of material well-being changes, so mothers tend to send their child to kindergarten and go to work as soon as possible. It is not surprising that in recent years the need for nurseries, which accept children from 1.5 years old, has increased.

But how ready is the baby for this? Most teachers and psychologists believe that the appropriate age to begin adapting to kindergarten is 2.5-3 years, when the child’s immunity has already strengthened, he has basic self-care skills and is not in such dire need of parental care and attention. The younger the child, the more complex and difficult the adaptation is. Therefore, if possible, it is better to leave children under 2.5 years of age at home.

Of course, there are exceptions when the baby is ahead of his development and needs communication, shows interest in his peers, actively participates in all games, and is simply bored at home. In such cases, kindergarten is a suitable environment for a little fidget, even if he has not reached 2.5 years.

Health status

This is one of the key factors. Often, even healthy children, when they start going to kindergarten, often get sick. For children with disabilities or chronic diseases, the process of adaptation is especially difficult.

Therefore, first improve your child’s health, and then start attending kindergarten. This way the baby will be able to adapt without serious problems.

State of the art

Here it is important to talk about the necessary skills that a child must have before starting kindergarten life: hold a spoon and a cup, drink and eat independently, use the potty, if possible, dress and undress and ask for help from an adult.

If the baby does not have self-care skills and is accustomed to his parents doing everything for him, then the process of adaptation can take a long time.

Socialization of the child

In a preschool institution, a child will be in the company of peers and teachers. If a child has experience communicating with other children and adults, besides parents, then it will be easy for him to join the team. When a child is used to seeing only mom and dad next to him, the process of getting used to it will be more difficult and longer.

Other factors

What else affects adaptation and habituation to the garden?

• Experience and personality of the teacher. Some teachers know how to create such a favorable and friendly atmosphere in the group that even uncommunicative and closed children feel lightness and comfort and want to return to the kindergarten. That’s why they often say: “You need to go not to the garden, but to the teacher.”

• Number of children in the group. The fewer students, the more attention the teacher can pay to each child.
• The baby's temperament also affects the duration of adaptation in kindergarten. For example, sanguine children love communication and feel comfortable in a group, and therefore adapt more easily than melancholic children.

How to refuse kindergarten if the child already goes there?

If for some reason you decide to leave kindergarten, first talk to the teacher. Perhaps your problem can be solved and you shouldn’t give up your place.

If you are determined to take your child to home education, first you will need to notify the teacher, and then write an application addressed to the head of the kindergarten.

After signing the application, do not forget to pick up copies of documents with your medical record.

You can also take your child out of kindergarten for a period of time (for example, for a year) while saving your place.

Are there alternatives to kindergarten?

What should the child do if the mother needs to go to work, and the option of a kindergarten is not suitable? There are several alternative solutions:

1. Ask your relatives . Perhaps grandparents would not mind babysitting their grandson while mom works.
2. Private kindergarten . In private kindergartens, the groups are smaller, so you can count on an individual approach and menu.
3. Family Club . Perhaps there is a mother in your home who will look after your baby along with her children.
4. Children's club . Usually it is not designed for the whole day, but you can leave your baby for a couple of hours in developmental classes.

At what age should a child be sent to kindergarten?

The ideal age of a child for kindergarten is 4-5 years.

Psychologists are against nurseries, especially for children who are not yet two years old. At this age, the baby does not need anyone except his mother; playing with other children does not yet attract him. One could argue that in Soviet times everyone went to nurseries and nothing happened. But this “nothing” is a rather controversial point, because early nurseries can become a trigger for problems in adulthood.

Children over two years old adapt more easily, but if something happens, they will not be able to tell what they don’t like and why they don’t want to go to kindergarten.

At 4-5 years old, the child is ready for kindergarten, as he is looking for communication with peers and is interested in activities.

GAMES WITH CHILDREN INDOORcard file (senior group) on the topic

PLAYING WITH CHILDREN INDOOR

Living - non-living

The presenter names living and inanimate objects mixed together, and the children answer in chorus only “living”, and are silent when they answer “inanimate”. The children who make the fewest mistakes win.

Line

Children line up in one line in the direction of the leader's hand. When he speaks in all directions, everyone runs away. And when they heard the chant: “The guys have strict order, tra-ta-ta, tra-ta-ta, they know all their places,” they run and line up in a new direction. The latter is considered the loser.

Find the color

Children stand in a circle and, at the leader’s command, look for objects of the named color in order to touch them. The loser is the one who touches the desired thing last. He is out of the game.

Predator

All children are fish, one of them is a predator. When an adult shouts: “Ship,” the fish take cover against one wall, when they shout “Storm,” they take cover at the other, and when the word “predator” is heard, they begin to flee, while the predator reveals itself and begins to catch them.

Sunny bunnies

This activity is suitable for sunny weather. You should take a small mirror, let sunbeams onto the walls and ceiling and watch them together with your baby.

Runners are jumping - Sunny bunnies. We call them, but they don’t come. They were here - and they are not here. Jump, jump around the corners. They were there - and they are not there. Where are the bunnies? Gone. Haven't you found them anywhere? (A. Brodsky)

Listen

The leader whistles, signaling the blindfolded players and changing their direction. Focusing on the sounds, you need to find an adult.

Items

Children bring some small objects with them and put them in one place. Next, choose one of the players to stand with his back to the objects. The presenter, pointing to one of the items, asks: “What should the person who owns this item do?” All players see this object, but one has his back to it and does not know whose object the leader is pointing to. This player's job is to assign "fines", a task that the owner of the item must complete in order to redeem the item.

Through the hoop

The player holds a racket with a table tennis ball in one hand, and a gymnastic hoop in the other. The player’s task is to pass the hoop through himself from top to bottom, then from bottom to top, without dropping the ball. They play in pairs. The one who completes the task faster wins.

Arithmetic cubes

To play you need 3 dice. Everyone throws them 3 times. If among the dropped numbers there are identical ones, they are added up (for example, 3, 5 and 3 are dropped, playing the sum 3+3=6, and if all different numbers are dropped, say 5, 2 and 3, they are not taken into account). If it happens that after the next throw all 3 numbers turn out to be the same (for example, 4,4 and 4), then the sum of these numbers also doubles. The winner is the one who, after three throws, ends up with the largest sum of numbers.

Clothespins

Players need to find and collect all the clothespins in the room. Clothespins can be different: plastic, wooden, colored, transparent, old, new. The main principle: the more, the better. The players are divided into pairs. The couple is given a headband with clothespins. The task is very simple. One child blindfolds himself. Clothes pins are attached to the partner's clothes. Moreover, those around them hang up the clothespins, not the child himself. Where to attach them is up to them to decide. The player has no right to interfere in the process. Next comes the time for the player to act blindfolded. His task is to find and remove all the clothespins from the player as quickly as possible.

Funny pictures

A game for developing visual memory. Invite your child to carefully look at 10 pictures, each of which depicts a familiar object. Then ask your child to name the items he remembers one by one. The number of items that the child remembers is important. Show your child pictures that he did not name. Please try again in 10 minutes. Offer to remember all the pictures in an hour.

Get the town

Participants in the game take a toes-and-fives stance, with their hands clasped behind their backs (the hand of one hand grabs the wrist of the other). When squatting, he must, without moving from his place and without touching the floor with his hands, lift the town (puck, cube, cone, etc.) located behind his leg. The winner is the one who succeeds the most times out of three attempts.

Find the bunny

To play you will need a clean handkerchief. You should take it by its 2 adjacent ends, look behind it on both sides and ask: “Where is our bunny? Where did he run off to?" After this, you need to tie the ends of the scarf into knots so that they look like bunny ears, and say: “Here comes the bunny! Where is his tail? At the remaining end of the scarf you need to tie a small knot-tail: “And here is the tail! Let's pet him."

gold fish

The child is a goldfish who offers the fisherman his wish. You come up with something supernatural, and he must find a good reason why he cannot fulfill your desire. Then you can switch roles.

Damaged fax

Participants sit in a row one after another. The last participant draws a picture on the back of the person sitting in front of him. The player who receives the message must repeat it as accurately as possible on the back of the person sitting in front. The first player in the row, having received the message, draws it on paper. After this, the drawings of the first and last players are compared and it is revealed which participants in the game the fax failed on. Before the next round, all players must change places.

Geometric shapes, letters and small words, various symbols (dollar sign, euro, ampersand, copyright) can be used as drawings.

It is advisable to start the game with simple geometric pictures. To make the game more dynamic, you can prepare drawings for transmission in advance, secretly from the participants in the game.

You can play a team version of the game - all participants are divided into teams of 5-8 people and simultaneously submit a drawing. The winning team is the one whose resulting drawing is closest to the original one.

Musical chairs

After the music stops, sit on a chair as quickly as possible. The one who did it last or who did not have enough chairs loses.

Loaches

The players stand in a circle and raise their arms up, forming a “collar”. The host declares the two players standing next to each other to be loaches. One loach stands in a circle and is called “escaping”, the other behind the circle is called “catching up”. The running distance is small - you need to run around the circle once and take your place, but you will have to run not in a straight line, but along a winding line, slipping into the “gate” from one side or the other.

At the leader’s signal, both loaches take off. If he wins, that is, the one running away has reached his place earlier, then a loach is appointed instead, and the one who is catching up remains the same. If the one catching up with the escaping one, then the one catching up chooses a replacement, and the escaping loach remains the old one.

The game can be played with a division into two teams, counting everyone standing as the first and second numbers, then the escaping and catching loaches are selected from different teams, and the success of one or the other brings one point to his team.

Dwarfs - Giants

Children stand waist-deep in water. The presenter gives the signal by shouting the word: “Dwarfs!” Everyone sits in the water. Behind the signal: “Giants!” - all players jump up. The one who makes a mistake is out of the game. The one who remains wins.

Extra item

The teacher displays rows of geometric shapes on a typesetting canvas. In each row, one figure differs in color (shape, size). Students must find the “extra” figure and explain why they decided so. For the correct answer, the student receives a chip.

Ball over the line

Players from two teams enter the water and line up at opposite sides of the pool facing the middle. The side is for them in the game the line of the house that they defend. The leader throws the ball into the middle between the teams. The players swim towards him and, having taken possession of the ball, begin to throw it among themselves, trying not to give it to the opponent. The challenge is this. To approach the opponent's house and touch the side of the pool with the ball. On an open reservoir, the playing field is limited by floats and paths of floats. The game lasts 10 minutes. The team that manages to touch the opponent's house with the ball the most times wins.

Hurry up to pick

A participant stands in a circle with a diameter of 1 meter with a volleyball in his hands. There are 8 tennis (rubber) balls behind the player. At a signal, the participant throws the ball up, and while it is in the air, he tries to pick up as many balls as possible and, without leaving the circle, catch the ball. The participant who managed to pick up more balls wins.

Monkey tag

Monkey tag is a type of tag. The driver catches up with the runner, who is changing his methods of movement; the driver is obliged to change his method of movement after the runner.

Chain fishing

Chain fishing is a type of tag. The beginning is like a game of fishing in pairs, only the drivers remain in one chain. This game takes place interestingly in the forest or among the pillars.

Freeze in place

To conduct the game, one or more participants are appointed to play the role of sorcerers. The one who is touched by the sorcerer must stop in place and spread his legs apart. The player can continue the game if one of the runners crawls between his feet.

Flying Dutchman

This game is best played in the forest, especially if everyone is frozen. They will warm up very quickly. Players (10-30 people) stand in a circle and join hands. One pair of people runs in a circle. Suddenly one of them hits the clasped hands of someone in the circle. The couple that was hit must jump out of the circle and run around it, the couple that hit does the same, only they run in the opposite direction. The two who run around the circle faster take up the empty space. Others remain running around in circles. History repeats itself.

Falling stick

Standing in a circle, several players settle down in numerical order. Participant number 1 takes a gymnastic stick and goes to the middle of the circle. Having placed the stick vertically and covering it with his palm on top, he loudly calls a number, for example 3, and he runs back to his place. The one who is named runs forward, trying to catch the falling stick. If he manages to do this, then participant number 1 again takes the stick and, placing it vertically, calls out a number, etc. If the stick falls to the ground, then the one who failed to pick it up becomes the driver. The game lasts 5 - 7 minutes. The winner is the one who played the role of leader less than others.

The last word

The presenter names different nouns. Suddenly he breaks off, approaches one of the children and asks him to repeat the last word. If the child was inattentive and did not remember it, he receives a penalty point. The one with the fewest penalty points wins.