Modeling with children 3-4 years old. Lesson notes (3 pages)

One of the most important activities for young children is clay modeling. They develop fine motor skills of the fingers, teach focusing and develop spatial thinking. The beauty of sculpture is that it is both simple and complex. The difficulty of the task can be changed as the child’s skills develop. Therefore, crafts made from plasticine are equally useful for both kindergarten and primary schoolchildren. For example, you can start with the simplest thing: making a sandwich. The child begins to achieve success, immediately sees the result of his work, so he is satisfied and does not lose interest. So the tasks can become more complicated, gradually simple crafts become more complex, for example, sculpting a flower, an apple, a cup, or a cat or dog. For older children, you can come up with more intricate plasticine figures or compositions consisting of several individual figures, for example, a basket of mushrooms, a house, a fire engine.

Modeling lessons with children 3-4 years old

You should prepare for modeling in advance with your children. Come up with the texture of the craft, play with it, prepare the necessary equipment. It is better to start simple and gradually complicate the tasks. To begin with, it is better to make three-dimensional figures with children that are more reminiscent of real objects. So, when the child’s hand gains enough strength, drawings can be made with plasticine, that is, with flat textures. How to structure a modeling lesson with children of this age group?

Introductory part:

• organize time;
• formulation of the problem.

Main part:

• prior knowledge of the subject;
• casting technology;
• self-employment of children.

Final part:

• analysis of children's works;
• summing up.

Let's look at each part of the lesson in more detail. The introductory part helps prepare the child for the lesson and interest him in modeling. This part is based on play, since play is the main activity in preschool childhood. Children learn everything, children learn everything through play.

The main part of the lesson is direct modeling. Firstly, children are invited to study the sculpted object in detail. The shape, color, and parts from which the object is made are specified. The adult then demonstrates the techniques and techniques of sculpture. Subsequently, the children themselves try to repeat the teacher’s actions.

Along the way, it is specified what color and in what quantity to take plasticine, and also names the technique by which the part or the entire product will be made. So children have time to work independently. Each child decides for himself how to decorate his work, how to assemble an ornamental composition.

The final part of the lesson allows you to summarize: what you learned, what you learned. And collective analysis of children's work allows children to compare their work with others to determine what worked best

The teacher should pay special attention to analyzing the children’s work. It should be emphasized that what was especially successful was the simplest thing that happened

The teacher decides the shortcomings of children's work independently. In the future, this is the basis for individual work on plasticine modeling with a child. During the analysis, children learn to see the positive aspects in other people's works and notice design features.

This lesson structure is used in kindergartens, but when working with a child at home, you should also adhere to this plan. We offer several step-by-step instructions for sculpting plasticine crafts with step-by-step complication.

Equipment and materials for modeling classes in kindergarten

Typically, kindergarten groups use plasticine, but the possibilities of working with it are limited. The most effective way to use clay in creative work. Fat clay is best. You can sculpt several large objects from it, create objects with subsequent heat treatment for immortalization and paint them. The plasticity of clay can be adjusted with water, which makes the work easier for children.

In education, it is more practical to use clay, since plasticine is intended for small products, and small forms are not able to convey the fullness and clarity of the lines of the details of the figure. Using plasticine complicates activities with young children, since it is quite hard and needs to be constantly kneaded to make it soft, and small children are not always able to do this. Plasticine modeling is more suitable for children with developed finger muscles, at an older age of 5-7 years, but its use should be limited to only a small number of activities.

If the kindergarten has enough budgetary funds, then clay can be purchased at the store, but in rural areas it is easier to dig it up. The clay layer is located directly under the fertile soil layer, so this will not be particularly difficult. Preparing the mixture for modeling is also not difficult. You just need to add water to the clay and knead it, and then put it in a thick cellophane bag, and then the working material can be stored for a whole year. To fire clay, you only need to spend money on a muffle furnace. You will also need paint. Thus, after processing, children's crafts will turn into real ceramic products and souvenirs. Clay itself in its raw form is not a load-bearing material and to make products you will need to stock up on frames.

Ordinary sticks or pieces of wire can serve as frames. The frame must be made in such a way that it can be removed from the product after the clay dries, otherwise the clay on the frame may crack when drying. To draw out individual elements and recesses, you can use plastic knives like in plasticine, spatulas and nails. The better and more conveniently the place for a child’s creative activity is organized, the better the quality of his work. Usually boards are used for the working surface, but it is better to have a rotary machine for ease of working on the product from any side.

In the end, I would like to add that modeling in kindergarten is important for preschoolers for the development of sensory perception. Children must not only see, but also touch objects.

Preparation of plasticineography classes in kindergarten

In kindergarten, the topics of classes on non-traditional modeling techniques, integrating different areas of knowledge and types of art, are very diverse. In this regard, a methodologically competent selection of ideas consists of searching for a topic that reflects the realities of the surrounding world and/or corresponds to the season and socially significant events. For example, creating crafts on the theme “Winter” in December-February, “Flag of Russia” on the eve of Russian Flag Day on August 22 or on the eve of National Unity Day on November 4.

Holiday crafts can be homework

Approximate topics

To prepare plasticineography lessons, the teacher draws up a work schedule, which includes a list of goals, tasks for each group, a lesson plan, a description of educational materials and a thematic calendar schedule. At the same time, lessons are planned in the form of thematic blocks, that is, lesson topics from different educational and educational areas overlap. So, on the eve of Mother's Day, at a language development lesson, children learn poems about their mother, during the lesson they get acquainted with the world around them, consider the history of this holiday and make crafts related to plasticine treats.

In younger groups, children are just learning plasticine, so topics include making crafts with large elements and not too curved lines:

• "Drying";
• "Snowman";
• “We decorate clothes”;
• "Easter Egg";
• "Cake for Mom."

Examples of composing a theme for plasticineography classes for children 4-5 years old could be as follows:

• "Vegetables on a plate";
• "Insects in the flowerbed";
• "Mushrooms";
• "Sun in the Clouds";
• “rowan sprig”;
• "Autumn Tree";
• "Fish";
• "Christmas tree";
• "Christmas decorations";
• "Bullfinch";
• "Snow Fashionista";
• Teremok";
• "Peacock";
• "Good rocket"
• “Gift for dad (grandfather)”;
• "Seven Flower";
• "White Birch";
• "Space";
• “Starry Sky”;
• "Dandelion".

In the senior group, topics are supplemented by lessons devoted to the study of folk arts and crafts:

• "Matryoshka";
• "Gzhel"
• "Human body. Man in the Rain";
• "Painted plate".

In the preparatory group, topics also include topics that involve increasing the complexity of the plasticineography technique:

• “Cat” (children train the ability to create a transition from light to dark shades);
• “Clothes” (children develop clothing designs using different techniques: straight, contour);
• “Indoor Plants” (on this topic children learn to create structured images);
• “My Family” (this topic is a complication of the previously studied topic “My Body” - now young creators learn to maintain proportions between the sizes of small people of different ages);
• “Lily of the valley” (the boys continue to work with textured plasticine, combining bas-relief with counter-relief).

Photo gallery: samples of plasticineography works on various topics

Templates for making crafts using plasticine printing technique

When working with models, children acquire initial skills in non-traditional plasticine modeling techniques, which are mainly used for the direct type of making plasticine drawings, but can also be used for more complex varieties. So, creating drawings depicting people is considered one of the most labor-intensive types of plasticine.

Features of modeling in kindergarten

Modeling in kindergarten from plasticine, clay or dough plays a significant role in the education and upbringing of preschool children; it is also a type of art.

Modeling for children is part of the fine arts, with the help of which they display their emotions and the real world around them. Children convey their feelings of worldview. Most often, children's creative materials are clay, plasticine, and modeling dough. They are the most convenient for children due to their plastic properties. Even the simplest object or figure is creativity for children.

During the creation of his creative work, the child receives great pleasure from the plastic properties and volumetric shape of the materials used. When sculpting, a child develops his constructive abilities, eye and precision of hand movements. If the teacher organizes the lesson correctly, then modeling will become a favorite hobby for the child. This type of development of creative ability in children aims not only to develop certain skills and abilities in children, but also, as a priority, to prepare the child for school.

Modeling in kindergarten is used as an aesthetic education for children. Preschoolers are capable of a lot; their abilities depend on knowledge and skills, as well as age characteristics. Taking into account children's age, the shapes of objects and images in their creative solutions are significantly simplified. For example, a person or animal has a round head, cylindrical limbs and torso. Basically, more attention is paid to small, minor details: fins, ears, tail, nose, etc. The child’s main goal is not to create an exact image, but a similar one that he can play with. Most often, children choose to sculpt images from familiar animals that surround them or images of fairy-tale animals from book pictures.

In older preschool age, children already begin to realize what can be beautifully sculpted, and what can be better drawn or made from other materials. During classes, children also master another form of modeling, when they use natural materials and other available materials to create creative works, both to create additional accessories for their figures, and by replacing or supplementing their main components.

There are three types of modeling used in kindergartens:

1. Object modeling - the child sculpts a separate object. For children, this is sometimes easier than drawing. Here one figure or image of a person, animal or other object is used, but children begin to produce constructive or plant objects faster and better;
2. Plot modeling - depicting the actions of several characters or characters and objects. Subject modeling differs from drawing; there is no background on the plane, zooming out or zooming in with a close-up.

In sculpting, figures have more realistic dimensions and do not depend on the plane. Basically, preschoolers depict a pair of object images that are in a static state. Children do not yet know how to convey other states of images in their creations and do not like to develop plots. For children to play, two characters are enough with whom they will play and even communicate. In the communication between the two characters, there is a plot episode that the child himself comes up with as the action progresses. Already as events develop and acquire greater interest, the child begins to unfold the plot and enrich it with the help of new characters and objects.

Along with play and hobby, plot modeling is a very labor-intensive process for a child. The child will have to create several characters, place them according to the plan and complement the plot with surrounding objects. This is a full-fledged composition presented on a specific platform.

In the child’s mind, at the initial stage, the platform is an ordinary plane on which objects are placed; they are not puzzled by how the bottom should look, attention is concentrated only on the images themselves.

This task faces the teacher of any kindergarten group. He must teach children to design the entire composition: to make a three-dimensional stand with decorative elements, and to logically place objects on the stand correctly.

For example, on a stand there is sculpted soil, grass, flowers, a hole where a fox or mouse lives, a tree with a squirrel. The composition should be similar to a plot from a fairy tale or the surrounding reality. Composition is not only about individual images, but about the relationship between their actions. Plot modeling is only feasible for preschoolers of middle and senior groups, due to its multifaceted diversity, and this requires the necessary knowledge and ideas.

3. Decorative modeling - directly related to the aesthetic education of preschool children, as the teacher introduces and teaches them the creativity of folk craftsmen of various cultures. Modeling is accompanied by painting on the products. Children not only enjoy it, but it also expands their cultural knowledge and fantasy world. Preschoolers love intricate vessels, household items, and dishes with bright colors and a unique appearance.

Older preschoolers, after training with a teacher, are able to create decorative items themselves, which they can play with and even use as design objects to decorate a room, or simply as souvenirs.

With the help of decorative modeling, children learn to think, plan and create sketches of their ideas. Preschoolers should be taught to see beauty with their own eyes. An ordinary salt shaker, mug or vase in the hands of a child, according to the plan and its implementation, can turn into a swan, a plant, or simply become a decorative work of art. Preschoolers use ordinary plasticine, clay and additional accessories to turn an extraordinary thing into something beautiful. In the course of their work, children not only learn how to sculpt, but also how to properly hold and use various tools.

In addition to all the listed advantages, modeling from plasticine develops flexibility, sensitivity and motor skills of the child’s fingers.

Step-by-step instructions for sculpting figure No. 2 “Colored umbrellas”

Goal: to create a colored umbrella made of plasticine.

Demonstration material: real large umbrella, children's umbrella.

Materials and equipment for work:

• plasticine;
• support table;
• heap;
• thin cocktail tube;
• wet or dry wipes.

What else to read: Didactic math game for preschoolers 3-6 years old

Progress of the lesson

Introductory part. An adult asks a child to guess a riddle about rain:

• If I cry it doesn't matter
• Instead of tears, water flows.
• I'm crying so much
• Because of the gray cloud...

You can then look at the illustrations in the related books and talk about what people need when it rains. I propose to look at the umbrellas and describe them.

Main part. Before we start sculpting, let’s look together with the child at what parts the umbrella is made of and what shape they have. Now let’s invite the child to choose the color of the future umbrella and decide on its size. The child takes a stack and cuts out the required amount of plasticine from a whole block.

Let's start sculpting. First, the adult shows a running pattern, then the children perform independently. The umbrella dome is a disk, for which we first roll a plasticine ball. Now we flatten the ball between our palms and make the center of the resulting disk slightly convex by pushing it with our thumbs.

To make the rod that holds the dome in place, take a piece of cocktail tubing about 1/3 of the way down. Attach a cocktail straw to the center of the plasticine disk. Now let's work on the handle of the umbrella. It can be in the form of a hook or a plasticine ball.

For the handle hook, take a small sausage out of plasticine, fold it and attach it to the tube. It turned out to be a pen. Now all that remains is to decorate the resulting umbrella. For decoration, you can use plasticine, or you can add different materials: beads, small seeds, cereals.

Final part. At the end of the lesson, we play crafts with the child. For example, let's give a toy hedgehog an umbrella. We will also analyze with the child what he did especially well and where he needed help. Considering this information, we choose the following idea for modeling from plasticine.

The influence of plasticine on child development

Mental development

It has been scientifically proven that any human activity is directly related to the functioning of the brain. Modeling from plasticine is not only not an exception, but on the contrary, a very useful activity that contributes to human development. There is even a special program for modeling from plasticine, which helps improve active brain activity; it is very often used by specialists when organizing the rehabilitation of patients.

Modeling simple elements (balls, sausages) with both hands provokes two hemispheres of the brain to work simultaneously. This helps strengthen interhemispheric connections. Thanks to this, self-regulation improves and attention develops.

When modeling from plasticine of any kind, fine motor skills develop well, since it is necessary to knead the plasticine, connect parts into a whole, flatten, and stretch it. This activity improves coordination of movements and has a tremendous impact on speech development.

Figurative, logical and abstract types of thinking develop well when an analogue of an existing model or your own unique version of the product is created from plasticine. At the same time, the imagination actively works, creative abilities are realized, attention is concentrated, patience and the ability to complete the work begun are developed.

Health and emotional background of the individual

It turns out that ordinary activities with plasticine can affect a person’s physical and psycho-emotional state. That is why it is recommended to work with plasticine from early childhood and not give up this activity throughout your life.

By doing sculpting regularly, you can reduce irritability, aggressiveness, and excitability. At the same time, night sleep is normalized and a calm state is maintained during waking hours.

Using plasticine modeling, a person conveys his emotions, fears, and feelings. This non-verbal expression of one’s internal state allows one to get rid of feelings of fear, anger, self-doubt, anxiety, share a feeling of joy, feel confident in one’s abilities, and helps to believe in the success of one’s own actions.

Modeling classes serve as a bridge from the world of the imaginary-fantasy world to the real world. This allows a person to feel comfortable in various situations, since he is able to realize at first glance unrealistic fantasies, find a way out of difficult situations, and find non-standard and original ways to solve various kinds of problems.

Human personality development

Modeling from plasticine is a unique means of revealing creativity, hidden capabilities and talent in a person, allowing you to understand and accept a person’s own uniqueness.

Working with three-dimensional figures develops the perception of various feelings, for example, “cold-hot”, “hard-soft”, “big-small”, etc. Modeling serves as an integral part of developing a person’s sense of beauty and aesthetically educates the individual.

Dividing plasticine into pieces

These business options are at the heart of the next big deals.

Prepare:

• plasticine;
• a printed image of a chicken, dog or other animal.

  (Chicken model)

Ask your child to separate the seeds from the play dough and glue them to a picture of a chicken to feed it. We can feed dogs and other animals in the same way.

We have collected several simple options in another material.

Lesson with plastic material

The video channel “Super Parents” teaches children (from 1 year old) and their parents the basics of interacting with plastic materials. The blogger uses a special composition and homemade unsweetened dough. It is necessary to familiarize the little master with plastic and tell him for what purposes it is used, after which he can begin to practice. The first stage is kneading, the second is pinching, the third is gluing the parts, the fourth is rolling the ball, the fifth is cakes with your finger or palm, the sixth is sausages and these rings. Cut the sausages into stacked pieces. First the adults help, then the child trains.

Properties of plasticine

Plasticine is a material intended for modeling. It includes wax, clay, petroleum jelly, animal fats, and synthetic substances.

Nowadays stores offer a huge selection of plasticine; you can get confused if you want to buy material for modeling.

Any plasticine has the properties of softness, plasticity, and the ability to glue parts, expressed to one degree or another.

Let's look at some types of plasticine:

• classic, made by us, affordable, holds its shape well, easy to mold. The individual parts fit together well. But it is too harsh; you need to warm it up for a long time before work;
• imported, suitable even for crumbs, bright, plastic, soft, amenable to any hand. The composition includes natural ingredients. Individual parts do not stick together well;
• modeling dough, also containing natural ingredients: flour, water, salt, dyes. The parts are easily glued together, can be stored and painted for a long time. When interacting with water, it gets wet;
• floating, easy to sculpt, does not get dirty, floats on water. Perfect for the youngest children. But it doesn’t hold its shape well and falls apart;
• The modeling mass is unique, it molds well, does not stick to your hands, is pleasant to the touch, you can play with crafts for a long time. Quite expensive to purchase;
• ball, great for decorating parts and smoothing out unevenness. Bright, rich colors attract attention. But the parts do not attach well and fall apart easily;
• Modeling paste is suitable for older children. Pleasant to the touch, easy to mold, and can be painted. It dries very quickly, you may not have time to finish the work, which will upset the master;
• wax plasticine, holds its shape well, is bright, does not stain the surface, sticks well. Excessively sticky material.

Making a mushroom

Perhaps the simplest plasticine figurine is a mushroom. This is a small tube at the bottom (mushroom stem) and a cap at the top, consisting of a disk or hemisphere. First, you can sculpt a simple mushroom, and then make a fly agaric, decorating the red cap with a white spot of flattened balls. For greater stability, the leg can be made thicker.

Plasticine mushrooms

The usefulness of the sculpting process

A child can sculpt from plasticine from the age of 1.5-2 years. This activity will be of great help in the further development of manual motor skills. Sculpture is not just entertainment. It's about having fun and gaining valuable experience. At a subconscious level, the child begins to understand the causal relationship between action and result. In a playful way, the child:

• develops taste, imagination and creative inclinations;
• develops intellectually;
• form an idea of ​​color and shape;
• improves motor skills and manual labor, improves coordination of movements;
• expands knowledge about the world around us;
• organically develops the nervous system.

With regular practice, the mother herself will notice what influenced the modeling. The child will become more attentive and collected, and visual memory will improve quite quickly. The child will express a desire to dazzle everything he sees in the world around him. In combination with other developmental activities, the child will learn the necessary skills and develop harmoniously.

Important: if a child still does not show interest in sculpture, you should not force him. The child will immediately become interested and want to join if he sees that one of the parents is modeling from bright plasticine

An adult must participate in lessons, and not as a passive observer, but as a counselor and assistant.

The main purpose of learning to sculpt

Awaken children's creative activity, stimulate imagination, desire to engage in visual arts.

Tasks:

· To promote children's interest in modeling.

· Form sensory processes, enrich sensory experience, develop sensory abilities.

· Develop fine motor skills of the hand.

· Introduce children to the properties of the material (soft, plastic, you can tear it off, make something out of it).

· Teach how to use clay correctly (do not throw it around, sculpt it at the table).

· Teach the simplest technical techniques (tearing, rolling, joining).

· Learn to sculpt simple objects (sticks, balls).

Materials:

Plasticine, clay, wax, salty or sweet dough, colored modeling dough, boards, stacks.

Content:

Plastic art is a fascinating world of creativity and craftsmanship. The educational and educational significance of modeling is enormous, especially in terms of the mental and aesthetic development of the child. Modeling broadens his horizons, contributes to the formation of a creative attitude towards the life around him and moral ideas. Modeling classes cultivate a child’s artistic taste, the ability to observe, highlight the main, characteristic things, and teach them not only to look, but also to see. Modeling fosters perseverance, develops the child’s work skills and abilities, finger muscles and manual dexterity.

Two-year-old children willingly sculpt, or rather, manipulate clay, kneading it with their palms, flattening it, and even trying to pinch off a piece. With them, classes with clay are carried out in small groups and mainly in the form of games.

The sculpted works of children are characterized, first of all, by the indistinct form of the image, which is obtained as a result of the fact that children work with the whole hand, since the movements of the fingers are not yet sufficiently developed and poorly coordinated. In addition, children do not yet have effective visual control over the results of their work. For a child of this age, the most significant are the physical properties of clay: viscosity, plasticity, size, mass, etc. The child actually gets acquainted with the properties of clay and performs playful actions with it. This period of fascination with the properties of clay is called pre-figurative. It usually goes faster than in drawing, since actions with voluminous, easily manipulated material quickly lead to meaningful interest in the result. The pre-figurative period proceeds approximately as follows. First, children tear off large and small lumps of clay from the general lump of clay, which are not processed at all. Then they begin to pile them on top of each other, roll them out on a board, and flatten them with their hands on the board. In fact, children act with clay without setting themselves the goal of depicting anything. Children aged 2-3 years master the material under the guidance of a teacher, and children quickly move from the pre-visual period to the visual one. They begin to more meaningfully modify shapeless lumps of clay, rolling them with longitudinal and rotational movements of their palms, first just on the table or board, and then between their palms; associate the resulting forms with familiar objects, and then create simple objects according to the teacher’s instructions: sticks, columns, rings, apples, pyramids, mushrooms. The teacher encourages these experiences and plays with the children.

In the first junior group, the teacher leads children to understand the figurative nature of modeling, arouses children's interest in modeling. But first of all, it is necessary to introduce children to the material (clay or plasticine). Young children’s attitudes to material vary. Some refuse to take clay or plasticine in their hands and abruptly move it away from them. This reaction is most often due to the fact that the proposed material, due to its external properties, is unattractive to the child. In other children, one can observe a completely opposite reaction - they take great pleasure in simply kneading clay, smearing it on the table, i.e., repeatedly performing actions that in the future not only have no special meaning in the modeling process, but, on the contrary, have a negative impact. impact if children linger too long on these ways of using the material. Therefore, it is very important to familiarize yourself with the material correctly.

Teaching modeling in the first junior group mainly comes down to general educational tasks: to promote children’s interest in modeling, introduce them to the properties of the material (soft, plastic, you can tear it off and make something out of it), teach them how to use clay correctly ( do not throw it around, sculpt it at the table), teach the simplest technical techniques (tear off, roll out, connect), teach to sculpt simple objects (sticks, ball).

Guidelines:

Before starting the lesson, you should prepare your workplace. There should be only the essentials on the table. Pieces of clay for small children to work with should be small - pieces 3-4 cm in diameter. If in this lesson children are given the task of making a ball, ball, apple, or the initial form for work should be spherical (for example, when modeling a flat cake, plate, etc.), they should not prepare clay in the form of balls for the lesson. You need to roll out the clay into a cylindrical piece and cut it with a knife into pieces for each child.

It is most advisable to introduce children to the material in the process of performing an elementary action, with the help of which children can immediately obtain a visible result.

The best way to get acquainted with plasticine is as follows. The teacher, showing plasticine to the children, says: “This is plasticine. Let's make a stick out of it. The plasticine is soft, you can tear off a piece from it (tears off a piece from the total mass of plasticine and rolls it between your palms). Thus, introducing children to the material, the teacher teaches children the first form-building movement - rolling. This method of teaching is associated with the peculiarities of the development of movements in a child at this age stage: the movements are not yet sufficiently coordinated, it is difficult for him to work with both hands at the same time.

It is advisable to conduct the first classes introducing children to the material individually with each child during their independent activity (in an early age group). After the kids become interested in the material, they can be combined into groups of 5, 8, 10 people. During the lesson, the teacher teaches children to sculpt while sitting at the table, not to scatter the material, and to clean it up after class. Certain conditions are required for a successful lesson. Children should be free to work at the table. Clay or plasticine is given to children after the task is explained. At the end of the lesson, the sculpted figures are put away on a board divided into cells. After the lesson, the teacher, together with the children, examines what they have done, gives a positive assessment of the work, compares it with the object depicted, and once again clarifies its main parts.

The leading method of teaching formative movements should be demonstration, accompanied by a simple, precise explanation of the actions. A figurative word enhances the effectiveness of the demonstration and creates the opportunity to later move on to verbal instructions. The word as a method of guidance is also necessarily used when organizing the perception of an object: the word helps to fix children’s attention on those qualities that they must later depict.

All children must sit facing the teacher throughout the lesson. This is especially important in the younger group. The child cannot continuously turn his head to see what the teacher is doing and how.

From the very first lessons, the teacher teaches children to sit correctly, without pressing their chests against the table, without bending over the board, teaches the correct position of their hands - both hands up to the elbow on the table, teaches the correct movements of the hands and fingers in the process of work.

Throughout the year, the teacher continues to instill in children the skill of carefully handling clay. When starting work, the child must roll up his sleeves. During the sculpting process, you need to teach him to work on the board, not to litter the clay on the table or floor, not to wipe his dirty hands on his clothes, and not to shake the clay off his hands.

Considering the importance of visual and the predominant role of kinesthetic orientation in the development of a motor skill, one should not only prompt the child to this or that method of action, but also move his hand, paying attention to the movement and position of the hand, which makes it possible to form the correct idea of ​​​​the necessary action. At the same time, the teacher pays attention to visual control so that the children learn the way of working: you need to roll with your palm.

After children have mastered the shaping motion of creating a cylindrical shape, children should be taught how to transform a cylinder—to make a ring out of a stick. Children must look at the finished ring, and then the teacher consistently shows how to sculpt it. In this case, you should draw the children's attention to the fact that they first need to find the ends of the stick, and then show how to connect them. “The ring should have a hole, and it can be put on a stick or finger,” says the teacher. This moment is very important for developing the child’s ability to control his actions. Instructions should be given to children at a slow pace. The teacher should stand in front of the children so that all children can clearly see his hands, his actions with clay, and the result of these actions.

Children practice the acquired skills, modify the resulting forms, giving them a resemblance to a familiar object (fruits, vegetables, berries). In an effort to arouse children's interest in expanding the topic, the teacher can devote one or two lessons to playing with sculpted figures: he shows the children short dramatizations of fairy tales while simultaneously sculpting simple characters from clay. Children also play with a ball, doll treats, and figurines made according to the teacher’s instructions. This increases children’s interest in sculpting, makes them want to sculpt more often, and helps expand the topics of work according to the children’s plans during free activity.

When sculpting objects consisting of 2 parts, the teacher sometimes divides the demonstration of the work into a number of stages, for example: - We will sculpt a snowman from balls. Let's make two balls - a big one and a small one - to make a snowman.

- Now roll the balls - first big, then small. Children make balls, the teacher checks whether the balls are well made and how the children roll them.

- The balls are ready. First place the large ball in front of you on the board and press the small one on top. The teacher goes around the tables, approves of the children’s work, saying that they have made a lot of beautiful snowmen.

Sometimes you can let the kids paint some products in one color, for example, gingerbread cookies or pies, and the teacher himself does the finishing.

Before teaching children to depict an object, they must be taught to examine it, examine it, and be able to identify its main properties. Teaching images should be done through showing a real object or toy - in this case, a pyramid is considered. When considering an object, the teacher should set the following goals: a) to make the process of perceiving the object deliberate (the teacher tells the children: “You and I will now look at the pyramid, and then we will sculpt it”); to arouse in children orienting activity, attention, and interest in the subject being examined; b) learn to identify the main parts of the subject; c) establish a connection between what is perceived and an existing skill.

These tasks are solved by examining all the objects that we lead children to depict.

After examining, the children begin to sculpt the object. The pyramid remains on the table. During work, the teacher must constantly guide the process of depicting an object, using various techniques.

In the process of working with clay, children gradually begin to understand that clay can be used to create images of various objects.

When selecting objects for depiction, you need to proceed from general didactic principles and age characteristics. The subject, firstly, should be well known to children - it is easier to clarify children’s ideas with a familiar subject. Secondly, the subject must evoke a positive emotional attitude in the child and be interesting to him. And finally, thirdly, the object should be simple in form and structure, consist of a small number of parts (no more than two). Taking this into account, you can choose other simple objects for the image, which are based on geometric shapes - a cylinder, a disk, a ball.

Sample thematic lesson plan. Modeling (from 2 years to 3 years)

Technological map of organized educational activities for 1st junior group

Educational areas: "Creativity"

Sections: Modeling

Topic: “Magic Lumps”

Purpose: To introduce plastic materials: clay, plasticine, plastic mass, giving preference to clay. Arouse children's interest in modeling. Learn to take a lump and perform movements with your fingers, modifying the lump. Learn to use materials carefully.

Learning to use a stack

Although the battery is made of plastic, it can be dangerous. It is very important to teach your child how to use this device through simple steps. How to do it:

Using a stack

1. Invite your child to place a large piece of plasticine on the board. The child already knows that to do this you need to roll the ball and press it with your palm to the table.
2. Using a stack, show your child how to cut out patterns on plasticine. The child can continue the cutting process under your supervision.
3. When finished, offer to scrape the plasticine off the board with lint.

Modeling methods

To move on to a specific type of composition creation, the child needs to be taught in stages.

First, a separate technique for making parts (sausages, balls, etc.) is studied with him. Then they show what other manipulations (pinching, pulling, cutting) can be performed with the material. The knowledge gained during the exercises is consolidated, and the child is offered one of three ways to work with plasticine:

1. Sculptural. The craft is made from a single piece, without adding any elements. With the help of such techniques, children learn to distribute plasticine proportionally:

• elongation;
• pad;
• grinding;
• expand.

2. Constructive. The product is assembled from several parts. The largest part is prepared first, then the small ones are attached. The method teaches children to distinguish small objects from large ones.

3. Combined. It includes the two previous methods. The bust is made from a single piece. The remaining parts are made separately and attached to the finished figure.

Modeling methods are divided into types according to texture.

• Topic: Creating an individual character or object.
• Topic: creating a group of interrelated objects (images of scenes from fairy tales, poems, stories).
• Decorative is a type of art of creating compositions from folk art.

To make crafts easier, there are special fleece devices

are modeling tools. With their help, small parts are made that cannot be aesthetically made with fingers.

Fleece

There is metal, plastic, silicone, wood. The choice of lamps depends on the future product.

Types of modeling

When the children mastered the basic techniques of working with plasticine, I moved on to frontal classes with the whole group.

During classes, I actively introduced children to the shapes of objects. Children held a ball, a ball, an orange in their hands, and felt their size.

At the beginning of the lesson, I showed the children techniques, picked up plasticine and performed the necessary movements. Then the children repeated these movements with plasticine for reinforcement. Only then did they begin to sculpt the desired object. All the children's work was accompanied by my showing and telling.

When working with children, I used play techniques. She played on the theme of the lesson, suggested playing with the resulting figures and adding details to them. For example, when sculpting chickens, you can place the figures on a green sheet of paper representing a meadow. These techniques will help children not only create objects, but also put imaginative content into their work.

When working with children, she resorted to reading fiction, in particular fairy tales. For example, while reading the fairy tale “Kolobok,” children imagined the path, the bun, and its structure. I finished the classes with the help of nursery rhymes and songs that helped deepen the figurative image of the subject.

I have developed a system of modeling classes for children in the younger group. In the younger group, children use traditional modeling techniques, mainly object modeling.

At the end of the year, I began to introduce unconventional methods of modeling - plasticineography. But for this I used simple techniques and simple pictures. The initial techniques for learning how to draw with plasticine are: rolling plasticine balls of very small sizes (no more than 3), pressing them, smearing them on the surface of a base (thick cardboard) to create a flat or semi-relief image.

While developing the skills of pressing and smearing, I taught the children to apply force with their fingers. She showed techniques, and if necessary, she took the child’s index finger and helped draw a plasticine line, turning the finger in the right direction.

I conducted conversations and consultations for parents, so that they, too, could help their children master modeling techniques, introduce them to modeling materials, and help children consolidate and master the shapes of objects. I spoke at parent meetings on this topic.

I also carried out monitoring on the development of modeling skills in the younger group.

Conclusion.

In this work, it was found that artistic and aesthetic development is an important educational area in the life of a preschooler. Sculpture, in particular modeling, is an integral part of it.

A small child has a special acuity of perception. What is emotionally perceived in childhood is remembered for a lifetime. The perception of beauty forms in children an aesthetic sense, respect and respect for art. Works of art broaden a child’s horizons by conveying certain information. They also influence the formation of moral feelings.

Making flatbreads

This work is already more difficult. With its help, we will teach the child how to make one of the main parts used in the craft - a cake.

What you need:

• plasticine;
• coloring in large fragments, for example, a ladybug or a traffic light.

In this lesson, the child must tear the desired color from an ordinary piece of plasticine, press it with his finger and apply it to the drawing.

Likewise, you can make snowflakes on a picture, apples on a painted tree, or design wheels for a car or steam locomotive.

ladybug for cakes

You can work not only in a certain place. The child can arrange the received parts in any order.

Educational modeling

What can you sculpt from plasticine with 3-4 year old children? At this age, tasks for a child become more difficult. Give your child a jar to stick the plasticine on. For decoration you can use various cereals, pasta, peas, beads, buttons. Offer larger materials first so that your child's fingers gradually become accustomed to handling small objects. The result is a very beautiful flower pot. In winter, you can attach plasticine leaves to the branches to create an interesting composition. Make sure all the little things are for decoration and not just for fun. Using the ability to roll balls, you can make a snowman and a plate of fruit, and create a flower arrangement on cardboard.

A 5-year-old can create more complex animal shapes

It is worth focusing his attention on the small details of the character. The child already knows how to combine and mix colors and easily gives plasticine the desired shape.

In a child's fantasy, you can make a hedgehog or a mushroom from nut shells, and a chicken or pig from a plastic egg. A piece of polyester filling will serve as the body for the lamb, and pumpkin seeds will serve as wings for the bee. When teaching 5-year-olds to sculpt from plasticine, imagination and many additional materials play an important role.

Important: Everything that we sculpt from plasticine with children should resonate with life. Characters for sculpting can be taken from the street (animals, trees, sun, etc.

at home (dishes, fruits) and from children’s poems and fairy tales familiar to the child. The use of additional natural materials (moss, pine cones, etc.) helps develop imagination.

The ability to sculpt from plasticine for 6-7 year old children is determined by the development of sculpting skills. The child can make colored objects from plasticine. For example, the picture shows a mushroom. The young creator will not only reproduce it from plasticine, but will also complement the surroundings - grass, flowers, etc. At the age of seven, during the modeling process, imagination and the ability to simulate a situation are fully revealed.

So, by teaching a child to sculpt from plasticine, you open up an interesting world for him in which you can realize your fantasies and skills. Modeling from plasticine is one of the most significant activities among educational games. It gives the child diversified development, develops imagination and prepares fingers for learning to write.

Ideas

Before you start practicing, think about how to do an easy

and educational lesson. It is important to consider what exactly interests the baby. Use additional items (cones, ribbons, beads, etc.). What is made from plasticine:

• Animals
  (bear,
  elephant,
  dog,
  snail
  and others).
• Thematic compositions. For example, on the theme of summer
  .
  It's hard to find a baby who doesn't love warm days. Draw the sun, sky, flowers
  , sea. Show your imagination with your little one.
• Trees.
• Vegetables and fruits
  .
• Sweets. Children especially enjoy making their favorite treats.
• Insects (butterfly, dragonfly).
• Fairy-tale heroes.
• Tanks, planes, cars.

Important! Before preparing for a lesson, consider the age of the child. Make the figures in stages so as not to confuse the baby. He must remember the entire process. Repeat the lesson if necessary.

What to sculpt with children 2 years old

With the youngest

A group of children conducts lessons with
airy
and soft plasticine. Regular paste is not suitable due to its hard structure. It will be difficult for the baby to knead it with weak fingers.

Don't miss: How to make a busy board with your own hands?

At first, kids are given easy tasks. Activity ideas:

• Show how to tear material into pieces (large and small).
• Roll the balls. Then flatten them on paper or cardboard.
• Press the balls onto the tortillas in your palms.
• Twist the sausages. They can be twisted into rings.
• Attach plasticine sticks together in a semicircle to form a rainbow.

After mastering basic manipulations, move on to more complex tasks:

• 
  Cut large sausages on a board You should get rings.
• Cut out various geometric shapes. To do this, make a ball and flatten it on cardboard. Use a knife to cut the mixture into shapes.
• Smear plasticine on a board or paper. Attach any objects (beads, cereals, seeds) to its surface.

Important! Do the exercises for no more than 15 minutes. So that the child does not become overtired. For work, choose 5-6 colors. Don't overload your baby with too many shades.

Lessons for children 3-4 years old

In average

In the group, the kids have already learned how to handle soft
baby
mass. Therefore, you can choose ordinary plasticine for work. The child is already able to make a craft. Activity ideas:

• 
  Snowman.

  Take a white mass. Ask your child to roll three balls of different sizes. Connect the pieces of the figurine. Use beads to make eyes. The mouth can be made from a red mass, and the nose from orange.
• Pizza or pie. Let your child make a bigger brown ball. Then he will flatten it into a cake. You can lay beads, cereals, pasta, rhinestones, etc. on the surface.
• Hedgehog. Make a brown ball in the shape of a muzzle, slightly flattened at the attachment point. Glue it to the back of the pine cone. Pull out the nose from the plasticine and attach a small black ball to its tip. Then add eyes to the animal.
• Polyanka. Take a small lid. Roll out green plasticine evenly at the bottom. Decorate the sides with sausage of any color. Make white legs for the mushrooms. Attach hats with white dots to them. Place the finished mushrooms in the clearing.

Don't miss: What is a geoboard?

Do such exercises for no more than 20 minutes. But, if the baby wants to continue, give him a little time (5-10 minutes). Kit

Color schemes can be diversified by this age.

Pressing various objects into plasticine

This is no less important activity. It will help in the future to create unique crafts based not only on plasticine.

Preparing for the lesson:

• plasticine base;
• any small items (pasta, seeds, beans, beads);
• plasticine board.

You can offer your child to plant seeds or mushrooms. If you're looking for an easier activity, buy star-shaped or car-shaped pasta. The child should press them to evaluate the result.

Why did we focus on this type of business? This follows from the two previous lessons. The child already knows how to separate the pieces, make a cake out of them, and as a result he will be able to “put” an additional object into the plasticine. And to make the practice more interesting, you can use this lesson to make a hedgehog from plasticine and seeds.

Modeling as a means of developing fine motor skills in preschool children

Modeling as a means of developing fine motor skills in preschool children.

Consultation for parents and teachers.
Author: Natalya Mikhailovna Dashkina, teacher, MBDOU kindergarten “Zvezdochka” of a combined type, joint venture kindergarten No. 138 of a compensating type. Description:
I bring to your attention material that can be useful for teachers in kindergartens (for example, to take as a topic for a meeting, or consultation for parents), and for students studying in pedagogical colleges and universities.
Purpose : to provide a theoretical basis for the development of fine motor skills in preschool children by means of modeling. Why is the development of fine motor skills so important for children? In the last century, the famous Maria Montessori noticed a connection between the development of fine hand movements and the speech of children. She concluded that fine motor skills influence a child's speech development. The fact is that in the human brain the centers responsible for speech and finger movements are located very close. By stimulating fine motor skills and thereby activating the corresponding parts of the brain, we also activate neighboring areas responsible for speech. The fact that exercises involving hands and fingers harmonize the body and mind and have a positive effect on brain activity was known already in the 2nd century. BC e. in Ancient China. Japanese acupuncture is another proof of this. There are many reflex points on the hands, from which impulses go to the central nervous system. Not only Eastern sages, but also domestic physiologists confirm the connection between the development of hands and the development of the brain. V. M. Bekhterev proved in his works that simple hand movements help relieve mental fatigue, improve the pronunciation of many sounds, and develop the child’s speech. In children with a number of speech disorders, general motor insufficiency expressed to varying degrees is observed, as well as deviations in the development of finger movements. Based on the experiments conducted and examination of a large number of children, the following pattern was revealed: if the development of finger movements corresponds to age, then speech development is within normal limits. If the development of finger movements lags behind, then speech development is also delayed, although general motor skills may be normal and even higher than normal. Fine motor skills of the hands interact with such higher properties of consciousness as attention, thinking, optical-spatial perception (coordination), imagination, observation, visual and motor memory, speech. The development of fine motor skills is also important because the child’s entire future life will require the use of precise, coordinated movements of the hands and fingers, which are necessary to dress, draw and write, as well as perform a wide variety of everyday and educational activities. You need to start working on developing fine motor skills from a very early age. Already an infant can massage his fingers (finger gymnastics), thereby influencing the active points associated with the cerebral cortex. In early and early preschool age, you need to do simple exercises, accompanied by a poetic text, and do not forget about developing basic self-care skills: buttoning and unbuttoning buttons, tying shoelaces. In older preschool age, work on developing fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements should become an important part of preparation for school, in particular for writing. The visual activities of children - modeling, drawing, as a prototype of adult activities, contain the socio-historical experience of generations. By mastering this experience, the child develops. By creating an image, he acquires various knowledge, his ideas about the environment are clarified and deepened; in the process of work, he begins to comprehend the qualities of objects, remember their characteristic features and details, master visual skills and abilities, and learn to use them consciously.

Each type of visual activity develops certain qualities in children. Only by doing sculpting does a child become familiar with the three-dimensional shape of an object, the interconnection of its parts, he develops the skills of working with two hands, coordination of movements, the small muscles of the fingers, the eye, and spatial thinking actively develop. When a child sculpts, his fine motor skills develop, which, in turn, affects the development of speech and thinking, and sculpting has a beneficial effect on the nervous system as a whole. That is why excitable, noisy and active children are often recommended to engage in modeling. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of modeling for the development of a child.

The more often a child engages in modeling, the more varied the material from which he sculpts, the more actively his general and visual abilities develop. The child sets serious tasks for himself, he develops constructive thinking, because when depicting a person in a drawing, it is enough to only draw two legs for him, but in modeling the task is more difficult - the person needs to stand on these legs. Great intelligence is required, and the brain, like muscles, develops when it is exercised.

Modeling provides an amazing opportunity to model the world and your idea of ​​it in spatially plastic images. Each child can create his own small plasticine or clay world; modeling introduces children to the world of beauty, develops aesthetic taste, and allows them to feel the harmony of the world around them. But in order to develop in each student the creative abilities inherent in nature, the teacher must himself understand the fine arts, children’s creativity, and master the necessary methods of artistic activity. The teacher must provide an emotional, imaginative perception of reality, form aesthetic feelings and ideas, develop imaginative thinking and imagination, teach children how to create images, the means of their expressive performance. It is important to remember that for a preschooler the process is more important than the result. Therefore, you should make this process as comfortable as possible for him. Based on research on the development of fine motor skills in children, we have developed a system of modeling classes for preschool children (4-5 years old), which will improve fine finger movements, which, in turn, will affect the development of speech and thinking, and the nervous system. the system as a whole. Classes are divided into blocks:
1. Modeling objects with design elements;
2. Subject modeling according to presentation. Tasks
that will be solved during modeling classes: - develop fine motor skills of the hands;
- support children's interest in folk art; - encourage children to embody their ideas in artistic form; — get children interested in sculpting three-dimensional figures and simple compositions from plasticine; - show ways to connect parts; - encourage the desire for a more accurate image (model the shape with your fingertips, smooth out the junctions of parts of the figure); - carry out collective work, teach how to coordinate your actions with the actions of other children; - develop in children the ability to convey the same form in different techniques; - create conditions for independent artistic creativity. In a modeling class, not only traditional tasks for the formation of fine arts and skills are solved, but also specific ones - for the correction and development of the emotional and cognitive sphere of the child. Modeling classes are of great importance for developing planning skills. Special correctional classes are conducted in which children are taught, using visual aids, to draw up a plan for the upcoming activity, pronounce the entire sequence of actions, and then carry it out step by step and compare the result obtained with the planned one. Modeling can be considered not only as one of children’s favorite activities, but also as a tool for correction and development. Thus
, modeling classes can have a comprehensive impact on the development of a child: • increase sensory sensitivity, that is, promote a subtle perception of shape, texture, color, weight, plasticity; • develop imagination, spatial thinking, general manual skill, fine motor skills; • synchronize the work of both hands; • develop the ability to plan work to implement a plan, anticipate the result and achieve it, and, if necessary, make adjustments to the original plan. At the end of the consultation, parents can be presented with children’s works using different modeling techniques, as well as involve them in activities together with their children, and invite them to a master class in kindergarten. THANK YOU!

We recommend watching:

Games with paper for preschool children Development of fine motor skills in preschool children Sensorimotor development of preschoolers Development of fine motor skills with household items

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We are gradually moving on to more complex crafts.

We suggest mastering plasticine or plasticine quilling by laying out a drawing with plasticine flagella.

It is quite difficult to roll a thin flagellum with small hands, so we offer you a little trick. We will need a syringe in which we put a piece of plasticine.

Dip the syringe into boiling water. We leave it for a couple of minutes, you will have to choose the time, because soft clay melts faster, and hard clay takes longer.

Then we begin to squeeze out strips of plasticine.

Tip: it is not necessary to heat several syringes with plasticine at the same time. It is better to do each color separately, heating the water each time.

When the plasticine has cooled a little, start rotating it in a circle or spiral oval. We make all the preparations that we deem necessary.

And we create our own composition. We decided to make a bouquet. In this case, you can change the composition: the plasticine comes off the paper quite easily; first I “assembled” the bouquet, and then my son. And I think he did better.

She encountered an even more complex technique: creating three-dimensional objects from crepe paper and plasticine. You can watch individual master classes on this technique on our website.

What is the difference between plasticine and clay?

Clay is a natural, natural material that hardens when dried, and if fired, it will be resistant to high temperature and moisture.

Plasticine is an artificial invention. Even hard varieties do not harden completely, crafts made from it are not very durable, and they will melt under high temperatures.

Clay is a softer material, so it is given to young children for modeling; when hardened, it can be diluted with water, and it again acquires fusible properties. Plasticine depends on the temperature of a person’s hands; it must be kneaded for modeling. However, clay is more sticky, making it easier to wash your hands off plasticine.

Clay crafts can be painted with paints, and plasticine is initially multi-colored.

The creations that come out great from these materials are up to you to choose.

The basis of crafts is a ball

One of the first techniques in sculpting is rolling. Knead the plasticine, roll it in your palms in a circular motion, you get a smooth ball.

You can try to roll a ball on the board, using the palm of your hand to roll the plasticine in a circular motion, you get a ball, but less even than the first method.

If you need a very small ball for the details of a craft, you need to put a piece of plasticine on your palm and roll the desired part with the finger of your other hand.

From these basics you can make many crafts: a caterpillar, a tumbler, flowers, apples, nuts, beads.

Truck

If the previous craft consisted of balls, then for the van we will need rectangular bars.

First we sculpt a rectangular part - the future kung and a rectangle for the future cabin. The booth can be made by cutting a piece of plasticine out of a rectangle or joining it together to form a rectangle.

Modeling a truck

Then we sculpt the wheels. Roll the balls and press them onto the countertop to form disks. Put it all together.

Simple plasticine cart

Crafts from plasticine

The simplest thing is to take them and throw them in the trash. But take your time. We invite you to remember your childhood, when candy wrappers from the fields...

Hobby Crafts from shells. We make decorations for Christmas trees and gifts for family and friends with our own hands

Seashells and seashells are some of the most accessible and beautiful natural materials. All sorts of crafts are made from them: beautiful panels, original jewelry, various decorative elements, photo frames...

The master classes presented in this article offer options for making plasticine crafts with 3-4 year old children on the topic “Animals”.

The presented transactions differ in the level of complexity. Children 2.5-3 years old can make a snail, especially the first option. Sculpting a kitten already requires special skills in working with pile and knowledge of plucking techniques. To complete the cockerel figurine, the child will have to show perseverance and hard work, since this craft uses many individual elements, the production of which will take some time. Let's take a closer look at the master classes.

To work you will need 3-4 colored plasticine. The ratio of the sizes of the pieces of plasticine should be approximately the same as shown in photo 1. Roll out a long thin sausage from a larger piece, and a plump sausage from a smaller piece (photo 2). Fold the long piece in a spiral into a circle (photo 3).

This element can be a ready-made craft - a figurine of a snail. All that remains is to slightly stretch the edge of the sausage with your fingers and bend it forward, forming a head (photo 4). You can invite your child to perform a more complex version of the snail. A spiral-shaped part remains, this will be the snail shell. Now let's go back to the thicker sausage - this will be the body. We lift one edge and fold it, forming a head. We attach a shell to this part (photo 5).

Roll out two thin sausages and make snail antennae. We make two elements in the form of balls, place them on the snail’s head and flatten them slightly - the eyes are ready. Making these small parts can be difficult for your child, so please help him with this issue.

For creativity, we prepare plasticine of two colors. Cut a large piece of plasticine of the main color into pieces, as shown in photo 8. Unfold a large piece of sausage and fold it in an arc - this will be the body and legs of the kitten. (photo 9)

Roll the smaller piece into a ball and attach it to the body, forming the head. (photo 10) Roll the next larger piece into a long thin sausage - a tail, attach it to the bow on the side opposite the head. (photo 11)

We pinch the plasticine at the top of the head and pull it out slightly, forming an ear.

Types of materials for modeling

The baby products industry can offer modern parents a variety of products that can be used for modeling. A wide range of plastics includes both the material itself and play sets, which include molds, cutting tools and other related items.

Clay

The most ancient material for modeling. People learned to sculpt from clay even before the development of civilizations. This material is found everywhere, because it is a fine sedimentary rock. You can get it yourself, but it is much easier to buy it at a hardware store or art shop. To work, clay should be mixed with water and kneaded thoroughly - after this it acquires a viscous consistency.

After drying, the clay retains its shape. Unfortunately, it is impossible to produce ceramics—fired clay—at home; this requires a temperature of about 900° C. However, even products made from raw clay can be stored on a shelf for a long time, although they are fragile.

Lifehack. In order to imitate ceramic shine, the sculpted craft is treated with a layer of PVA glue. After drying, the product is covered with a film, which also improves mechanical strength.

True, clay is not suitable for small children - it intensively stains hands and everything around them, and in the process of evaporation of moisture it quickly hardens. But for boys and girls of school age, modeling with clay is already a serious creative process that introduces them to artistic culture.

Gypsum

This material is more suitable for casting rather than sculpting, allowing precise shapes to be achieved with low weight. However, even an infant can find it interesting and educational to leave prints in a trough with plaster.

Expert opinion

Mikhailova Alevtina Petrovna

Child development teacher

The advantage is that plaster products can be painted. The downside is that it dries very quickly.

In order to be able to sculpt with plaster by hand, it is better to purchase special dense sculptural plaster of a yellowish color - it is more flexible and takes longer to dry, but is not sold in construction stores.

Clay-based plasticine

One of the most famous materials of our time. Previously, plasticine was made from clay powder, to which wax, animal oils and powdered natural dyes were added.

Today, polymer compounds are used as additives to purified and bleached clay, which provide the composition with the necessary plasticity and allow it to retain its properties after a long time.

Classic plasticine based on clay (kaolin) is quite hard. Sometimes it is called “Soviet”, but here the difference is more in the composition than in the time of production. The fact is that at that time polymer compounds were not yet known in such quantities, and most importantly, they were not being introduced into the domestic sphere. Therefore, old-style plasticine has good adhesion within the mass and with foreign objects.

It is very dense, and therefore, before playing with it, an adult must knead and roll it out thoroughly. Only after this the kids will be able to sculpt something with their still weak hands.

The advantages of this material are its mechanical strength and adhesion. The man's head will definitely not fall off if it is connected well. The disadvantages are the need for preheating, as well as high soiling.

A well-known “Soviet” way to preserve freshly molded plasticine products is to place them in the freezer for a day. The object will become hard and, even after subsequent thawing, will not fall apart, but will become increasingly hard over time.

Polymer plasticine

Abroad, industrial technologies were used in folk goods as a means of making a profit. This is how polymer plasticine was invented - natural kaolin was replaced by plastic compounds with additives.

This made the material more flexible, homogeneous, and soft. During storage, it does not harden and requires almost no preheating. Its softness allows it to be used even by one-year-old children. Even if they don't make anything resembling the real thing, they can squish the clay in their hands and watch it change shape. It also develops the muscles of the fingers and hand well.

Polymer plasticine is not entirely safe for health. It will not cause acute poisoning, but can cause digestive upset. In addition, a child can simply choke on a large piece of plasticine or stick it up his nose. Therefore, up to 3 years of age, play only under parental supervision!

Today, polymer plasticine has many subtypes: ball, floating, wax and others. Thanks to special ingredients, the properties of plasticine can change: it can be lighter than water, become as sticky as possible, or, conversely, not stain your hands, table and clothes.

Modeling mass

And again polymers are in the service of humans for children's entertainment. Modeling mass differs from plasticine in that, after giving it a shape, it gradually hardens in air.

Depending on the composition, hardening can last up to half a day. All this time, changes can be made to the finished craft. True, the cost of a good mass is quite high. In addition, it is not reusable, which means you will have to buy it again and again.

Play dough

A material that has gained popularity quite recently. Play dough is so named because it resembles regular stiff dough made from flour. The famous Play-Doh brand says that their dough's main ingredients are flour, salt and water.

However, the full composition is kept secret. It is obvious that the outstanding characteristics of a mixture of natural products are given by the dyes and additives that prevent drying and preserve the product from spoilage.

The main feature of play dough is its low adhesiveness. By allowing the child to play with the dough, parents can be sure that the child will not get dirty himself or spoil the environment. Due to its natural composition, play dough is safe to swallow - up to certain limits, of course.

Expert opinion

Mikhailova Alevtina Petrovna

Child development teacher

Unfortunately, play dough has one major drawback - it dries out in the open air, so it should be kept in a tightly closed container.

Kinetic sand

You can also find the names “cosmic sand” because of the special properties compared to ordinary sand or “rainbow sand” because of the pigments, thanks to which the substance in jars and buckets acquires different colors.
Kinetic sand is specially selected fine quartz sand to which special polymer binders have been added.

They give the material special properties: being soft and “flowing” in a fluffed state, sand holds its shape well when compacted.

When compacted into molds, it leaves clear impressions that ordinary wet sand will never produce.

Sand is not called kinetic for nothing: the tactile sensations when playing with it have a calming effect.

Therefore, classes with him are recommended for children with mental disorders, hyperactive and nervous boys and girls. Little fidgets will be captivated by an exciting game for half an hour, or maybe more, giving adults the opportunity to get down to business.

The great advantage of “space” sand is its ability to retain its properties in the open air. Therefore, many parents, having filled the sandbox, no longer collect the plastic mass in a container or bucket.

However, with all the advantages, kinetic sand has its disadvantages or, more precisely, features:

• With long enough use, sand gradually absorbs moisture from children's palms, dirt and dust particles. After a few months of active play, it may begin to smell unpleasant and stick to your hands. This is a clear signal to completely replace the material, since it is impossible to clean it.

• The quality of sand greatly depends on the manufacturer. Considering that both unknown Chinese factories and venerable companies produce this product, one sample can retain its “silky” properties for months, while another begins to stick to your hands after just a couple of weeks of use.

In order for any modeling material to last longer, be more pleasant and functional, it is worth choosing products from trusted manufacturers. A higher price is a payment for the interest and health of the child over a long period of time.

History of origin

The invention of the sculptural substance is attributed to 2 scientists. Franz Kolb invented the material for making models at the end of the 19th century. William Harbut invented plastic mass

in 1987. It was later discovered that both substances have identical structure and uses. That's why they got the same name.

this is interesting! The first dish was made only in a gray shade. Only years later it gained popularity, and the mass began to be painted in different colors.

Now the material is in great demand. It is used in various industries (modelling, handicrafts, animation, child development, etc.). The use of plasticine has been going on for over a century. Lots of skill

and compositions included in the Guinness Book of Records.

Types of plasticine

As soon as the research results were made public, many leading enterprises specializing in the production of educational materials for children's creativity began to develop new lines of these products. Fortunately for consumers, the following types of plasticine are now available:

Modelin

- this word denotes ordinary plasticine in blocks, well known to many, which consists mainly of wax or paraffin and is painted in different colors. In turn, it is divided into three types depending on hardness and is used for various purposes. For example, the hardest plasticine is well suited for modeling and making various kinds of sketch designs, while the softest plasticine is designed specifically for young children so that they can engage in modeling.

Air plasticine

- this is a kind of modeling mass, which is very soft and pleasant to the touch, somewhat reminiscent of a starchy surface or velvet. It is very pleasant to work with such plasticine. However, it must be stored airtight, since in the open air it completely hardens and becomes unsuitable for modeling. This plasticine is ideal for crafts that you would like to keep as a souvenir or give to someone as a souvenir.

Ball plasticine

- has a special texture. This type of plasticine is a mixture of an adhesive base, small foam balls and a coloring pigment. Ball plasticine mixes well, you can create different shades yourself. Working with such material is very useful for young children.

In addition, there is another type - homemade plasticine
- these are masses (dough) for modeling, made at home from available ingredients. It is no less popular among children and adults than the factory one.

In addition to coloring matter, plasticine may contain glitter, which makes it more attractive and original. There is also flavored plasticine, but when using it, adults need to be as concentrated as possible, since there is a danger that kids will want to taste such alluring plasticine.

Step-by-step description of crafts

So, everything is ready to go, you can start creating. Let's look step by step at some simple examples of interesting children's crafts.

Plasticine hedgehog with seeds

The funny hedgehog is not difficult to make, but it looks very creative and cute. To work, you will need brown plasticine for the body, beads for the eyes and regular black seeds.

1. Roll a ball out of brown plasticine.
2. On one side, stretch the ball out slightly so that it looks like a teardrop.
3. The eyes and nose can also be made from plasticine or replaced with beads.
4. Place the seeds on the back of the hedgehog with the pointed ends facing up.
5. When the entire back is covered with “needles,” place the finished craft on a piece of cardboard. You can decorate the back of the hedgehog with a miniature plasticine mushroom or an apple.

Candy on a stick

Children will definitely love the colorful plasticine lollipops. To work, you will need multi-colored plasticine and matches or canape skewers.

1. Make as many different colored balls as you like.
2. Roll the balls into thin sausages.
3. So you can improvise with the look of our sweets. Take two sausages of different colors and roll them into a spiral. You can pre-roll the sausages into a braid. Throw the finished lollipops onto sticks and you can take a colorful photo.

Bouquet of flowers

The variety of bouquets created from plasticine is limited only by the sculptor’s imagination. Let's conduct a short master class on making a simple version of this craft.

1. Prepare red, pink and green clay.
2. Roll the greens into thin sausages and cut them into about seven pieces.
3. Roll the pink playdough into a sausage, then roll the sausage into a strip, flattening it.
4. Divide the strip equally into seven parts and roll each part into a spiral, these will be gems.
5. Plant rose buds on green stems.
6. Collect a bouquet and decorate with a red plasticine bow.

Plasticine Christmas tree

On New Year's Eve you can make a beautiful Christmas tree with your children. To do this you will need green clay, a bamboo stick and scissors.

1. Build a cone from green plasticine, choose the size to your taste.
2. Place the cone on the bamboo stick, the trunk of the Christmas tree.
3. Using the tips of the scissors, make small cuts along the entire checkerboard-shaped cone and slightly bend the ends of the “needles” upward.

Funny turtle

Step-by-step instructions will help you easily create a funny and cute turtle with your baby.

1. For the base you will need brown and green plasticine. For the eyes, you can use beads or make eyes from black and white plasticine.
2. Roll six green plasticine balls. One larger one for the head and five smaller ones for the legs and tail.
3. Make a large ball from brown plasticine, then form a shell.
4. Attach small flattened circles of brown plasticine to the shell, imitating the texture of the shell.
5. Blinding head on neck, legs and tail extended. Attach them to the shell.
6. Using a toothpick, cut out the nostrils and draw a smile. Attach the eyes to the turtle and the craft is ready.

By sculpting with their child, parents help their child develop creatively, and there is also a chance to reveal the true talent of their child.

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

Goal: Development of creative abilities in children of senior preschool age.

Objectives of the circle: introduce children to unconventional modeling techniques, coloring finished products; consolidation of knowledge about Dymkovo, Khokhloma, Gzhel paintings; fix relief, volumetric modeling; introduce the technique of making salt dough products; to develop an interest in performing creative works using different materials and methods; consolidate children's knowledge of materials that can be worked with and be able to use them correctly.

Explanatory note:

Our time requires creative, non-standard people who think and act for the benefit of the development of the individual and society. Therefore, the social order of society is to develop children’s creative abilities, the ability to think outside the box, not to be afraid to express opinions that differ from the generally accepted, to see the unusual in the ordinary.

According to psychologists and teachers, preschool age is the most favorable for the development of thinking and imagination - a mental process that forms the basis of creative activity. Therefore, the development of creativity is one of the main tasks of preschool education and upbringing.

The use of non-traditional modeling techniques in the practice of working with children works to solve several developmental problems at once:

• development of children's creative abilities (in all the diversity of this concept);
• development and improvement of fine finger motor skills;
• developing skills and abilities to work with various materials, devices and tools;
• acquaintance with new techniques and technologies;
• ability to apply them in practice.

Frequency of the circle: once a week for one academic year.

Duration of the circle: 25 minutes.

Expected student results:

Sculpts objects of various shapes using learned techniques and methods of sculpting;

Creates small plot compositions, conveying proportions, poses and movements of figures.

Creates images based on folk toys.

September:

1. Topic: “Apples and pears.” Gifts of autumn. Signs of autumn.

Goals and objectives: Practice rolling a ball, oval, flattening, using natural material to complement the craft.

Materials and equipment: Salt dough, dummies of fruits, stacks,

reproduction of paintings with fruits. (1/59)

2. Theme: “Sunflower”

Goals and objectives: Practice rolling a ball, oval, flattening, using natural material to complement the craft.

Materials and equipment: Salt dough, photo of a sunflower, stack, seeds. (11/14)

3. Theme: Decorative plate “Rose”. Gifts of autumn.

Goals and objectives: To develop the ability to sculpt a rose from individual parts, roll out balls, flatten, and make a flower of 6-8 petals. Develop finger flexibility and learn to see the end result.

Materials and equipment: Clay, stack (11/20, 3/61)

4. Topic: Painting the decorative plate “Roses” in the Gzhel style

Goals and objectives: To introduce children to folk art. Continue to develop the ability to paint products after drying, select paints, mix, to obtain the desired shade. Place the work on a plate.

Materials and equipment: Gouache, brushes, palette, dishes with Gzhel painting (8/85)

October:

1. Topic: “Prickly hedgehog.” Animal behavior in autumn.

Goals and objectives: Separately sculpt needles in the shape of a cone, connect the parts. Supplement the work with fungi and apples.

Materials and equipment: Colored salt dough, stack, slide with a picture of a hedgehog in the forest in autumn (11/12)

2. Topic: “The horse is beautiful, daring”

Goals and objectives: Continue to introduce children to folk art. Model a horse from a whole piece of clay. Develop finger flexibility and learn to see the end result.

Materials and equipment: Clay, stack, water, photo of the Filimonovsky horse (2/56)

3. Topic: “Kargopol goat”

Goals and objectives: Continue to introduce children to folk art. Model a horse from a whole piece of clay. Develop finger flexibility and learn to see the end result.

Materials and equipment: Clay, stack, water, photo of the Kargopol goat (1/112)

4. Theme: “Elephant”

Goals and objectives: Strengthen the ability to sculpt three-dimensional things and develop motor skills.

Materials and equipment: Plasticine, stack, photo of an elephant, sample of an elephant (5/14)

November:

1. Topic: “Ladybug” (on a leaf)

Goals and objectives: Learn to sculpt a ladybug from parts: head, body, using moldings, additional material for decoration. Use a leaf cutter. Be able to regulate the pressure when performing moldings.

Materials and equipment: Salt dough, leaf mold, toy, water, brush (12)

2. Topic: Coloring with “Ladybug” paints.

Goals and objectives: To develop skills of accuracy when coloring work. Be able to use unconventional drawing skills - with your finger, to draw dots. Exercise in ways of working with paints, designing work on a piece of paper.

Materials and equipment: Gouache, brush, glue (12)

3. Topic: “Panel with flowers” ​​(sgraffito).

Goals and objectives: Familiarization with the technique of sgraffito - “scratched” on plasticine. plasticine,

Materials and equipment: cardboard, stack, painting with flowers

4. Topic: “Penguins on an ice floe.”

Goals and objectives: Continue to develop the ability to sculpt a figurine from a whole piece, using the techniques of rolling, stretching, flattening, cutting in stacks, conveying their characteristic features and proportions. Use foil when sculpting the body. Develop children's imagination and intelligence.

Materials and equipment: Salt dough, foil, foam. (11/8)

December:

1. Topic: Coloring with paints “Penguin on an Ice Floe”.

Goals and objectives: Continue to develop children’s ability to paint figures after drying, to combine them into a common composition. To develop children’s ability to accurately convey a conceived idea when coloring a product.

Materials and equipment: Gouache, brush, glue. (11/8)

2. Theme: “Christmas tree under the snow” (relief modeling)

Goals and objectives: Introducing children to a new modeling technique - plasticine stretching. Materials and equipment: plasticine, stack, card with Christmas tree (13)

3. Theme: “Snow Maiden”

Goals and objectives: To learn to reflect the impressions received while observing winter nature. Develop artistic and creative abilities.

Materials and equipment: Clay, model of the Snow Maiden (10/24)

4. Topic: Painting the Snow Maiden with Gzhel paintings.

Goals and objectives: Repeat the “Gzhel” painting with the children. Exercise in ways of working with paints, develop aesthetic perception and sense of color. Continue to develop the ability to see the end result of the planned work.

Materials and equipment: Gouache, brush, palette. Folk painting “Gzhel” (8/85)

January:

1. Theme: “Elegant Christmas tree”

Goals and objectives: To develop the ability in children to cut out a Christmas tree using a stencil, smooth out the edges with a brush moistened with water, and independently come up with decorations - balls, toys, beads. Develop finger flexibility. Use familiar sculpting techniques in a new creative situation.

Materials and equipment: Salt dough, “Christmas tree” stencil made of cardboard, stack, beads. (17)

2. Topic: Coloring with paints “Elegant Christmas tree”.

Goals and objectives: Continue to develop the ability to paint a Christmas tree with paints, develop skills of accuracy when doing work. Develop creative imagination and coherent speech when writing stories about the Christmas tree. When decorating the Christmas tree, use various additional materials

Materials and equipment: Gouache, brushes, glue, threads, beads, confetti. (17)

3. Topic: “Kargopol horse”

Goals and objectives: Continue to develop the ability to sculpt from a whole piece of clay.

Materials and equipment: clay, stack. (7/8)

4. Topic: “Decorating the Kargopol horse.”

Goals and objectives: To practice ways of working with paints, to develop aesthetic perception and a sense of color. Instill a love for animals and a desire to help them.

Materials and equipment: Gouache, brush, palette (7/8)

February:

1. Topic: “Bear-folk toy”

Goal: Continue to strengthen the ability to sculpt from a single piece. Introduce the traditions of potters.

Materials and equipment: plasticine, stack (9/10)

2. Topic: “Mug for Dad.”

Goals and objectives: To develop children’s ability to sculpt a mug, roll out plasticine in the form of a strip, a ball, press a depression in it, and pinch the edges. Sculpt the initial letter of the name for decoration. Develop fine motor skills and imagination in decorating a souvenir. Materials and equipment: Plasticine, stack (6/28)

3. Theme: “Hearts”

Goals and objectives: Consolidating the ability to sculpt objects or parts of them from dough, using the movement of the entire hand.

Materials and equipment: Colored salt dough, water

4. Topic: “Stork on the roof.”

February: Practice “painting over” a picture with plasticine. Cultivate an interest in creativity.

Materials and equipment: Plasticine, cardboard, cards with migratory birds, encyclopedia about birds (15)

March:

1. Topic: “Four-legged friend”

Goals and objectives: To develop the ability to use knowledge about the features of the appearance of animals in their work. Strengthen the skills and abilities acquired earlier (rolling, flattening, pulling, smoothing edges). Develop creative imagination and interest in work.

Materials and equipment: Stacks, plasticine, cardboard (10/28)

2. Topic: Signs of spring.”Flower meadow.”

Goals and objectives: Improving manual labor skills by modeling from colored dough.

Materials and equipment: Colored dough, stacks, water, slides with spring flowers (11/14)

3. Theme: “Basket with flowers”

Goals and objectives: Continue to develop children’s ability to roll out clay in an even layer, cut out a basket using a stencil, and scratch with a fork. Tie the flagella together for the handle and bottom. Sculpt familiar flowers and leaves. Develop imagination and the desire to give joy to others.

Materials and equipment: Clay, fork, basket stencil, stack. (11/14)

4. Topic: Coloring the basket and flowers.

Goals and objectives: To cultivate interest in creativity, collectivism, and aesthetic perceptions.

Materials and equipment: Gouache, brush. (11/14)

April:

1. Topic: “Amazing underwater world” (plasticineography)

Goals and objectives: Introduction to non-traditional drawing techniques (plasticine).

Materials and equipment: plasticine, stack (11/26)

2. Topic: “Rocket”.

Goals and objectives: To develop the ability to make a cone-shaped shape. Develop fine motor skills of the hands.

Materials and equipment: Salted dough, stack. Rocket photo (14)

3. Theme: Geometric man

Goals and objectives: Continue to develop children’s ability to paint crafts after drying, selecting the right colors. To develop the ability to accurately convey a conceived idea when coloring a product, to reveal the creative imagination of children in the process of work.

Materials and equipment: Clay, skewer, paints, brush (6/14)

4. Topic: “My dad is a fireman”

Goals and objectives: Continue to develop the ability to sculpt funny little people using the techniques of rolling balls, ovals, flattening, and pulling. Use matches and sticks to connect the parts. Develop the ability to work collectively.

Materials and equipment: Clay, matches, sticks, stacks (2/79)

May:

1. Topic: “St. George’s Ribbon.”

Goals and objectives: To develop the ability to roll out clay with a rolling pin and cut out shapes according to a template. Cultivate an interest in creativity.

Materials and equipment: Plasticine, template, stack

2. Theme: “Clover”

Goals and objectives: To consolidate the ability to roll balls of different sizes. Continue learning how to apply a relief pattern using a stack.

Materials and equipment: Plasticine, template, stack (3/38)

3. Topic: “Circus in Samara.”

Goals and objectives: Continue to develop the ability to notice and convey in modeling the characteristic features of an architectural structure.

Materials and equipment: Plasticine, stack, circus photo (16)

4. Topic: “Children on a walk.”

Goals and objectives: Continue to teach children how to convey movement in sculpting.

Materials and equipment: Plasticine, stack. (2/80)

Bibliography:

1. Bondarenko T.M. “Complex classes in the senior group of kindergarten.” EC "Teacher", Voronezh, 2007
2. Volchkova V.N., Stepanova N.V. “Lesson notes for the senior group of kindergarten”, Voronezh, 2008
3. Davydova G.N. “Plasticineography. Floral motifs", M., 2009
4. “From birth to school”, edited by N.E. Veraksy, T.S. Komarova, M.A. Vasilyeva M., Mozaika-synthesis, 2014.
5. Petrova O. “Animals made of plasticine.” FST-PRESS KNIGA LLC, M., 2013
6. Plomer A.L. “Making from clay” Kharkov, 2013
7. Educational publication “Art for children. Kargopol toy. ed. "MOSAIKA-SYNTHESIS", M., 2008
8. Utkin P.I. "Folk artistic crafts of Russia." M., 1984
9. Educational publication “Art for children. We are making a folk toy.” ed. "MOSAIKA-SYNTHESIS", M., 2010
10. Educational publication “Art for children. Khokhloma painting". ed. "MOSAIKA-SYNTHESIS", M., 2010
11. Firsova A “Miracles from salt dough.” LLC "AIRIS-press", M., 2013

A little more complicated: caterpillar

When the apples begin to unfold, you can begin assembling the caterpillar. It consists of several balls, two eyes and horns and a smile. As a result, we need to roll several balls of bright colors. Balloons of the same or different colors will do.

The eyes of the future are smaller balls. You can make each eye from balls of two colors, so you get the pupils. The horns are small tubes. A smile is an even smaller tube.

We collect large balls in a chain, for which we press the balls with a small fold. It can be connected by a straight line or small bends - at the request of the child. You can style several different caterpillars.

So we attach eyes and horns and a smile to the first ball.

Caterpillar

Crafts from plasticine: step-by-step modeling for children

Plasticine hare

A simple plasticine bunny for children. A step-by-step review with detailed photos that will help you make a hare without much difficulty.

Read more: Plasticine bunny

Modeling a frog

Plasticine frogs come in different varieties. I present to you a simple way to make a frog with a photo and step-by-step instructions. Great option for children.

Read more: plasticine frog

Bright dolphin

Plasticine dolphin step by step. A wonderful character that a child can create with his own hands, and then play with him and give to loved ones.

Read more: plasticine dolphin

Plasticine animals - hippopotamus

A plasticine hippopotamus consists of simple shapes - balls, ovals of different sizes. This is a simple craft that kids can do on their own.

Read more: Plasticine hippopotamus

Plasticine crafts - bee

This master class presents a bright insect - a plasticine bee. The creation of such crafts is accessible to many children who have mastered the initial skills of working with plasticine.

Read more: Plasticine bee

Plasticine penguins: 1 modeling option

A simple penguin made of plasticine for children's creativity. Step-by-step photo instructions for sculpting a funny penguin. A simple and original idea.

Penguin - option 2

Are you interested in how to make a penguin from plasticine? Then you have come to the right place. A step-by-step tour of the sculpting process will help you create this interesting bird.

Read more: How to make a penguin from plasticine

Plasticine hedgehog with seeds

A hedgehog made from plasticine and seeds is a simple craft that can be made by preschool and school-age children. The work is interesting, ideal for developing fine motor skills and imagination.

Read more: hedgehog made of plasticine and seeds

Modeling a bullfinch

These colorful birds appear in the city with the onset of winter, when they lack food. Red-throated bullfinches are very noticeable against the background of white snow. A plasticine bullfinch is an excellent creative option for children on the eve of winter and during this cold season.

Read more: Bullfinch made of plasticine

Rat

Fun plasticine mouse craft. It was modeled as a symbol of the year, but it would have been nice to sculpt it without a date reference. Making this character is easy and interesting.

Read more: plasticine rat

Bright deer

For many, deer is a symbol of the Christmas and New Year holidays. Therefore, on the eve of these holidays, a craft is ideal - a deer made of plasticine and even with a gift. But you can also model a deer as a northern animal in a class on a related topic.

Read more: plasticine deer

Plasticine bear

Multi-stage plasticine bear for children. An easy way to make a bear is shown step by step in detailed photos. Easy craft made from plasticine.

Read more: Plasticine bear

Dog made of plasticine and natural material

Modeling with plasticine is very easy and fun! After all, in the end you can get a wonderful flat or bulky craft. An even better option is to combine plasticine with natural materials such as chestnuts, pine cones, and acorns.

Read more: dog made of plasticine and chestnuts

Beautiful sheep

Sheep made of plasticine step by step. An interesting option for sculpting a sheep from black and white plasticine. A simple craft for children's creativity.

Read more: Plasticine sheep

What are the benefits of modeling

The human psyche continues to remain very poorly understood. Despite many discoveries and recommendations, it is impossible to make an exact statement in this area - you have to act by generalizations.

However, even according to statistics, plastic modeling has a beneficial effect on both the mental state of the child and his mental and neurophysiological development. The brain of a small person develops only if there is interaction with the outside world.

Children of modern civilization are largely protected from the natural world for safety reasons. Therefore, optimizing interaction is the main task of parents. The tactile sensations that a child receives from the tactile nerves are a powerful stimulating factor that provokes the brain to further development.

Expert opinion

Mikhailova Alevtina Petrovna

Child development teacher

Observations show that children who actively touch objects and play with them develop faster and more fully than those who are deprived of tactile sensations.

Modeling with plasticine, clay or dough is a wonderful exercise that triggers mechanisms for improving the child’s nervous system.

Development of coordination and fine motor skills

A newborn baby's nervous system is not yet strong; he makes many chaotic, “false” movements that are not aimed at performing a conscious action.
At the age of one year, movements become meaningful, but coordination has not yet been developed. The child learns to control his body, and his nervous system works out all sorts of combinations.

Modeling classes can significantly accelerate the development of fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are a combination of the muscular, nervous and visual systems for small operations with the fingers and hands.

At the Institute of Physiology of Children and Adolescents, it was proven that the projections of the hands are located near the speech centers, therefore the formation of fine motor skills contributes to the development of speech.

Children who regularly engage in modeling - first under the supervision of adults, and then independently - quickly master the necessary everyday skills: fastening buttons, holding and handling cutlery, holding a pen, pencil or brush, correctly assembling construction sets with small parts.

Development of spatial thinking and imagination

Plasticine is useful not only for babies, but also for older children. The desire to replicate the world around us in drawing or sculpture is already an example of higher nervous activity. With the help of modeling, mental and rational qualities are developed, an indirect, visual understanding of the physics of the real world occurs (thin things bend, fall without support, etc.).

Spatial imagination helps a child better navigate in this world, as well as develop his creative abilities.