“Features of teaching swimming to children of primary preschool age”

Formation of a healthy lifestyle through swimming in a preschool educational institution

author: Popova Valentina Grigorievna

physical education instructor (swimming) MBDOU “Kindergarten No. 9 “Kristallik”

Formation of a healthy lifestyle through swimming in a preschool educational institution

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution

"Kindergarten No. 9 "Kristallik"

Swimming is one of the most important means of physical education; it is included in the content of physical education programs of preschool institutions and secondary schools, in accordance with the standards of the Federal State Educational Standard.

The main target groups the project is aimed at:

• children preparatory to school group;
• parents (legal representatives);
• teachers.

Project type:

physical education and health.

Implementation deadlines:

1 year (September 2021 – May 2021)

1. Relevance, innovative significance of the project

Swimming occupies a special place in the physical education, development and health promotion of preschool children. This is especially true in areas of the Far North that are unfavorable for health.

Swimming helps to develop physical, moral and volitional qualities and the ability to prevent unpleasant situations on the water in future graduates of preschool educational institutions. By attending swimming classes at our preschool from the age of 3, children successfully complete the swimming course. But unfortunately, there are a small number of children who, for a number of reasons, rarely or not at all visit the pool in a preschool educational institution; (frequent m/o, black and white, fear of water and other reasons). Based on diagnostic testing, at the beginning of the school year, several children 6-7 years old with low swimming skills were identified. The ability to swim is a skill acquired in childhood that guarantees safety on the water and saves the child’s life.

The results of many studies have shown that the reason for avoiding attending classes and reluctance to learn to swim is due to psychogenic tension, in other words: self-hypnosis. The main difficulty for such children is psychological - plunging headlong into the water, opening their eyes in the water, exhaling into the water. These features significantly complicate the process of mastering swimming skills during training. state (relationship) to water “slows down” the educational process and the implementation of the swimming program.

This project is designed for additional individual work with children of senior preschool age 6-7 years old, with low scores.

1. Goal and objectives of the project:

Target:

Creating optimal conditions for the implementation of an individual route with children of a low level of swimming training, through swimming training.

Tasks:

1. Strengthening and hardening the child’s body;

2. To form a stable interest and motivation for systematic swimming lessons;

3.Form motor skills;

1. To develop knowledge about the types and methods of swimming;

5.Take care of your health;

6. Cultivate moral and volitional qualities: perseverance, courage, confidence, and a friendly attitude towards each other.

1. Involving parents and teachers in joint activities and cooperation in working with children to overcome the child’s fears of water.

The main form of project implementation is classes and individual work with children.

1. Novelty of the project

This project represents a new look at organizing the work of a modern teacher in a preschool educational institution with children who are often ill through the use of additional individual lessons. The method of group individualization is used. Its meaning is that students learn swimming movements that are common to all, but they master these movements in different ways. The same material is used in classes with each child in a different sequence and dosage. This technique allows you to increase the motor density of classes and interest children.

Use of game moments. standard and non-standard equipment., is one of the effective ways to increase the motivation of preschoolers to learn the elements of swimming, allows you to move from an explanatory and illustrated method of teaching to a productive one. from simple to complex.

1. Expected result
   (planned educational results)

This project:

• Will increase the level of knowledge, skills and abilities of swimming readiness;

• The foundations of a pupil’s healthy lifestyle and caring attitude towards their health will be formed;
• The acquired swimming skills will allow you to successfully implement program requirements and pass diagnostic swimming tests;
• Conditions will be created for effective interaction between preschool educational institutions and parents and students;
• Children will have positive motivation to visit the preschool swimming pool and continue to improve in swimming in the city swimming pool of the youth sports school, including together with their parents;

1. Mechanism and phased implementation of the project

Preparatory stage

: (
September-November 2021)

• Diagnostic cross-section of knowledge, swimming skills and abilities;
• Project planning;
• Selection of methodological and didactic material.

• Acquaintance with the swimming pool of the city youth sports school.
• Selection of methodological literature, replenishment of the card index of games on the topic.
• Selection of games and game exercises.

Practical stage

:
(November 2021 - April 2021)

• Development and implementation of a project on the topic: “Teach me to swim”;
• Production and acquisition of standard and non-standard equipment;
• Homework with practical recommendations for parents;
• Replenishment of the media library of the virtual methodological office.
• "Game exercises in the bathroom." "Bathing without tears."
• implementation of main activities according to the project plan

Generalization stage: (May 2021)

• Diagnostic testing of swimming skills at the end of the year;
• Analysis of the results of the project: “Teach me to swim”;
• Participation in competitions and entertainment. open classes in pre-school educational institutions, between municipal pre-school educational institutions of the city.
• Generalization and dissemination of experience on the website, teachers' council of preschool educational institutions, municipal physical education instructors of the city.

1. Project plan and implementation

Methodological and didactic material has been selected to overcome the negative psycho-emotional state of children in the pool.

A calendar and thematic plan has been drawn up for the implementation of an individual route with children with a low level of swimming skills.

The implementation of the training project is divided into three stages, the main task of each of which is:

• teaching children to float on water using swimming aids
• teaching children to float without flotation devices
• teaching elements of swimming using the “Crawl” method on the chest and back

The long-term plan for lagging children in swimming includes the following topics:

Working with children is impossible without cooperation with parents and teachers. Working with parents plays an important role in organizing classes; it is necessary to clearly monitor the reasons why the child does not want to go to the pool and, accordingly, carry out explanatory work with parents, convince them of the need for swimming lessons, and invite them to classes.

Working with parents

1. Project implementation conditions

7.1 Educational and material support

7.2. Staffing (information about the main project implementers)

1. Evaluation criteria and methods
   (description of indicators of achievement of results and diagnostic methods)

Monitoring of project implementation results will be carried out through:

• Diagnostic tests on swimming skills at the beginning and end of the school year.
• assessment of the satisfaction of parents (legal representatives) with the quality of services provided by the preschool educational institution (questionnaire).

1. Risks and ways to overcome

1. Project Performance Analysis

Description of the positive changes that will occur as a result of the project implementation

(prospects and practical significance of the work; the opportunity to use ideas, projects, methods in other educational institutions)

The success of my teaching activities is confirmed by the results of monitoring according to the following indicators:

— static exercises lying on the chest, back “Star” (sec);

— sliding on the chest, back: “Arrow” (m), “Torpedo” (min);

- swimming in an easy way "Crawl" on the front, back (6-8-15m)

Diagram of the effectiveness of mastering swimming skills.
(see Appendix No. 1)
This project will allow:

• Increases self-esteem and self-confidence in the team;
• Will increase the results of diagnostic tests of swimming skills among project participants;
• Receive positive feedback from parents;
• Improving swimming monitoring indicators in preschool groups.

Conclusions:

• Development in children and their parents of a desire to continue swimming and maintain a healthy lifestyle;
• Increase the efficiency of the educational process;
• To increase the competence of teachers and parents in mastering methods and techniques in the formation of swimming skills; the ability to apply them in the educational process;
• The project is aimed at expanding the knowledge, skills and abilities of swimming, physical education and sports of children and parents;
• Create conditions for effective interaction with parents and ensure family participation in the educational process;
• The project will show the need for cooperation and interaction between teachers, parents and students;
• To increase the likelihood of joint recreational activities and entertainment with parents, not only in the preschool educational institution, but also in the city swimming pool “Geologist”, to improve swimming skills in “deep” water;
• To increase motivation to introduce preschool children to a healthy lifestyle, readiness for further swimming training in the city pool;
• Create a bank of methodological non-standard games and gaming aids, with the hands of children and parents
• provide work experience (presentation) at the teachers' council, physical education instructors' organization, preschool educational institution website.

Bibliography:

1 . Osokina T.I., Bogina T.L., Timofeeva E.A. “Teaching swimming in kindergarten”; M., Enlightenment. 1991

2. Bolshakova I.A. Little dolphin. - M.: Arkti, 2005.

3. Bulgakova N.Zh. Teach children to swim. – M.: FiS, 1977.

4. Osokina T.I. Swimming lessons in kindergarten

5. Eremeeva L.F. Teach your child to swim. – S.-P.: “Childhood-press”, 2005.

6. Karpenko E.N. et al. – Swimming: a game method of teaching. – M.: Olympia, 2006

7. Makhaneva M.D., Baranova G.V. Figure swimming in kindergarten. – M.: TC Sfera, 2009.

Swimming pool in kindergarten

The healing effects of swimming on the body of both adults and children have been proven many times. During exercise in the pool, all muscle groups are involved, which helps strengthen the entire muscle corset and form correct posture. During swimming, the muscles either tense or relax, this kind of work makes them stronger and stronger.

Also, during water activities, cerebral circulation increases, the nervous, respiratory and cardiovascular systems are strengthened. Metabolic processes are activated. Exercises in the pool are a good prevention of flat feet and colds; increase appetite, relieve nervous tension and stress, and make sleep deeper. Recently, even ophthalmologists have been recommending swimming pool exercises to improve vision.

In addition to learning different swimming styles, children are also taught diving, which helps increase lung capacity and breathing coordination. This allows you to saturate your brain cells with oxygen.

During exercises in the pool, being in the water itself, it is almost impossible to get injured, because... water is a soft substance, so swimming is often used for the rehabilitation of children with various pathologies, including birth injuries, etc. Swimming is also useful for hyperactive children, because has a calming effect and gives a lot of positive emotions.

The most important advantage of the pool

The most important advantage of exercising in water is increasing immunity and hardening the body. When entering water, vasoconstriction occurs and the skin cools, because there is an outflow of blood from the superficial vessels, reducing heat transfer. After a few minutes, the vessels dilate again and the body temperature returns to normal. This adaptive reaction of the body gives such a powerful hardening effect. It has been proven that children who exercise in the pool get sick less often and miss less kindergarten.

Should children be forced to swim?

Still, as with any kind of sport, it is necessary to follow the golden rule - swimming should bring joy to the child himself, and not to his parents. You should not force your child to go to the pool. Also, you should not transfer your childhood dreams to your child. If you dreamed of becoming an Olympic champion in diving as a child, it does not mean that your child dreams of the same. It’s another matter if the baby, due to his age, does not understand what he would like to do, then he should be gently pushed, but still given the right to choose. If both the parents and the child have decided and the pediatrician does not mind, then you can safely visit the pool.

Some preschool institutions, especially newly built ones, have children's pools, and of course parents have a lot of questions.

The most worrying thing for parents, perhaps, is whether the child will get sick after visiting the pool? Of course, when visiting the pool, especially in the cold season, there is a risk of more frequent viral diseases, but you should not remove your child from classes after the first cold, because The child’s body will gradually strengthen and harden. To prevent your child from getting sick, safety standards must be followed.

Safety standards to reduce the risk of illness after visiting the pool:

1. The air temperature in the room should be 2 degrees higher than the water.
2. There should be no drafts in the pool area or locker rooms.
3. Water must be treated with specially designed means.
4. If a child feels unwell, he is suspended from classes that day, because a tired or weakened body becomes hypothermic faster. In addition, at least 2 weeks must pass after any illness to avoid getting sick again.
5. A walk in the fresh air should be organized at least 40-60 minutes later to avoid hypothermia.

What do you need to visit the pool in kindergarten?

All swimwear must be brought on the day of class and taken home in the evening to be washed and dried thoroughly. The list of swimming accessories usually includes:

• a large terry towel and a small one for the feet;
• pajamas or terry robe;
• swimming trunks, swimsuit for girls from older groups;
• rubber shoes;
• a rubber cap for both boys and girls;
• soap in a soap dish;
• washcloth;
• Goggles.

Rules for visiting the pool

When visiting the pool, you must follow generally accepted rules and regulations. Firstly, before starting classes, a medical examination of the skin, hair and nails is required. Children are also asked to visit the toilet before starting classes.

Then the kids take a shower with soap and a washcloth.

It is forbidden to make loud noise during the classes themselves. All instructor commands must be strictly followed.

After classes, the students take a shower again and wipe themselves dry; younger children are usually helped by a nurse and an instructor.

Visiting the pool is not done on a full stomach.

How are classes held in the kindergarten pool?
Swimming lessons consist of three parts:
- Part 1 - preparatory: a short warm-up is carried out on the side of the pool to warm up the muscles;

— Part 2 — the actual lessons in the pool. Children are taught different swimming styles;

— Part 3 — final: children are allowed to swim freely.

Classes are conducted by a physical education instructor with specialized education. The instructor also conducts preliminary conversations with children about the rules of behavior on the water, and provides students with psychological and moral support.

For different age groups, different durations of classes are established, which are strictly regulated by sanitary rules and amount to:

• 15 - 20 minutes for junior and second junior groups;
• 20 - 25 minutes for the average group;
• 25 - 30 minutes for senior and preparatory groups.

Classes are conducted in small subgroups, usually 8-10 people, maximum 12, this is due to safety, because it is believed that the instructor cannot maintain attention on more children.

Children from younger groups are taught in a playful way, using various water equipment. Children learn not to be afraid of water, to enter it independently and play boldly.

By the end of the school year, middle school students can already swim short distances on water independently.

Graduates can swim in any way for more than 10 meters without aids, while using their breathing correctly.

Thus, by regularly attending swimming lessons, children overcome their fear and uncertainty, and they develop strong-willed qualities such as independence, determination, courage, and discipline. Children's self-esteem and self-confidence increase, which will certainly help them become successful in any business in the future.

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What equipment should I use to teach swimming to preschoolers?

The ability to swim is a vital skill and it is advisable to master it at an early age. For a preschooler, swimming is health promotion, entertainment, educational activity, and enrichment of motor experience. The benefits of swimming in the pool are undeniable, and that is why having a pool in a preschool institution is a definite plus.

Do not forget that the leading activity of a preschool child is play. Mastering new skills, social norms, nurturing personal qualities - all these processes occur through gaming activities. And, as you know, play requires toys, and swimming pool activities are no exception.

Swimming, as we are used to seeing it in adults, is essentially a rather boring and monotonous activity, despite its obvious usefulness. Children enjoy “swimming” in the pool, but mastering the elements of competitive swimming and learning the skill of staying afloat requires something more. And here a variety of equipment comes to the rescue, used both as a toy and as a teaching aid.

Swimboards

. Boards for kids are not like the boring product for adults lying on the side of any pool. They should be smaller in size and have a grip suitable for a child's palm. A variety of colors and images on the board help maintain the child's interest in swimming. Plastic boards have now given way to products made from foam rubber - EVA.

How to play with a swimboard?

Transporting toys on raft-boards, either by walking along the bottom or using your legs, as in the crawl style of swimming, is much more interesting than simply covering the distance from side to side.

Races and relay races for older preschoolers are also fun learning experiences. And as a final task, ask the children to sit on the board and keep their balance.

Noodle

(from the English noodle - noodles) - a bright flexible stick, safe, suitable for swimming, and for mastering the elements of water aerobics, and for playing on the water. Noodles come in different colors, lengths and thicknesses. For preschoolers, it is advisable to choose “sticks” of small diameter, several length options and special additional devices included. You can ride it on horseback, saddle it like a horse, or use it as a swimming circle by connecting it with a special connector. With this device, a child can lie on the water both on his back and on his chest.

How to play?

- As you wish! In addition to the above-described use - stand with two legs, balancing, push towards each other in pairs, build a long floating structure using connectors. Finally, it's just fun to hit the water, creating a cloud of splashes.

Floating toys

. The same ones that are familiar to a baby from early childhood in the home bath. Only here it is advisable to use themed toys, for example a series of sea creatures or waterfowl and animals. Toys need to be changed periodically and the game must be accompanied by a story.

How to play?

We transport toys on boards, push with our heads and with our hands, blow to move, jump from the side, helping the rubber duck learn to fly while holding it in our hands.

Sinking toys

. Sticks and rings sinking to the bottom vertically, cheerful algae. The best equipment for learning to dive and dive into water.

How to play?

- Of course, collect from the bottom! First, one at a time, then several at once during one breath-hold, and then selectively in colors and shapes, in order to learn to open your eyes under water. Collect at speed, divide into teams, move to different ends of the pool.

Floating hoops

You can make it yourself by combining a noodle and a regular hoop, or you can buy a specialized one. There are also hoops that drop vertically to the bottom; they are a lot of fun to swim through, trying not to get hit.

How to play?

Everyone hold onto one hoop together, trying to organize a joint movement towards the goal, throw the ball, jump up out of the water and “fish” into the hoop lying on the surface.

Inflatable sleeves

. If your baby is just getting acquainted with the pool, this device can help. And they are more preferable, since, unlike a circle, they help you take a more physiological position that is conducive to proper swimming skills - horizontal. A little secret on how to wean your baby off them later is to gradually deflate, reducing the support and thus including the hands for strokes.

Kalabashka

– a special float that is suitable for older children. It is with the help of this device that the elements of sports swimming are mastered.

How to play?

Clamp your feet and swim across the pool using only your hands, lean with one hand and row with your free hand, build “houses with a roof” for toys on the side using two calabashkas and a board laid on them.

Balls

. Different sizes, colors, shapes and buoyancy. Massage and smooth, inflatable and rubber. And let there be many of them.

How to play?

Water polo, dodgeball, mastering somersaults with a ball pressed to your stomach, swimming on your back, hugging the ball and holding it, relay races, football without hands.
The presented set of water activities will allow you to diversify children's activities in the pool as much as possible, making them exciting and useful. Don’t be afraid of non-standard ways of using equipment; any physical activity in the water will expand the range of skills and abilities of a preschooler, even if at first glance it bears little resemblance to competitive swimming. All necessary equipment can be purchased from manufacturers and official distributors of equipment for equipping preschool educational organizations and swimming pools.

Swimming lesson summary for preschool age

Summary of a lesson on teaching swimming to a kindergarten group.

Target:

1. Arouse interest in swimming.
2. Promote healing and hardening as much as possible.

Tasks:

1. Familiarization with the rules of behavior in the pool and safety precautions. 2. Develop hygiene skills. 3. Develop motor skills. 4. Develop physical qualities: speed, strength, agility.

The training session is divided into three parts: preparatory, main, final. Part 1: preparatory

.
Includes formation, greeting, roll call, communication of lesson objectives, theoretical material, preparatory exercises on land and in water. In this part of the lesson, in addition to the organizational function, the task of preparing the child’s body for the upcoming physical activity is solved. Part 2: main
.
The main task of the lesson is solved, new material is studied. The skills and abilities acquired in previous classes are consolidated and physical qualities are developed. Part 3: final.
Solves the problem of restoring the functional systems of the child’s body after exercise. It uses breathing exercises, relaxation, low-intensity games, and independent swimming. In the final part of the lesson, a roll call is held, summing up the results of the lesson.

Progress of the lesson.

Preparatory part. On land: I.p. The main stance is walking in place, raising your knees high. I.p. basic stance – arms to the sides, up, stretch, look up, stand on tiptoes, arms to the sides, down. I.p. standing, hands on the belt - squats, arms forward. I.p. standing with your feet apart, hands on your belt - bend over, touching the floor with your hands, without bending your knees.

In the water: Walking along the side, holding the handrail with one hand, scooping up the water with the other, “little and big legs.” Standing with your back to the side, make “rain” and “waves” with your hands. Standing facing the side, holding the handrail with your hands, jumping out of the water (who is taller?).

Main part. Moving along the bottom by walking and running using rowing movements with your arms. Standing facing the side, take one step back, sit down in the water up to your shoulders, stretch your arms straight forward, grab the handrail with your hands, and “fountain” with your feet. Immerse yourself in water. Hold breath; perform a chest slide with a “board” in your hands, using the crawl style footwork. Game exercises with diving “magic hoop”; “starfish”, “float”, “divers”. Outdoor game "Fishes are frolicking."

Final part. Game exercises: “Divers”, “Bubbles”.

Exit from the water.