Gorodets painting: stencils and pattern templates, basic subjects for cutting boards, writing techniques

• Continue to get acquainted with Gorodets painting, its color, and features.

• Be able to identify the main elements of a pattern.

Tasks:

• Educational: practice drawing Gorodets flowers - baths, roses, observing the sequence of stages of the image; in applying the resin using the tip of a brush.

• Developmental: Develop a sense of composition, the ability to beautifully arrange a pattern in a given shape. • Educational: develop artistic taste and cultivate love and interest in folk art.

A little history

History indicates that the development of wood studies led to its application on the most unexpected subjects, which included:

• furniture;
• chests;
• sled;
• utensils used indoors.

Most often there was a symbolic character, and the background tones were: green, blue and sometimes black. Particularly popular were and are drawings with specific themes, showing people and animals.

After World War I, art fell into decline, forcing specialists to look for other sources of income. The revival of the popularity of the direction is associated with the name of I.I. Oveshkov, who opened the workshop to the public.

It organized the training of appropriate personnel, which resulted in an increase in those able to process the source code. Involving a new generation in recreating images develops a sense of belonging to the culture of their country and develops artistic thinking on different levels.

History of origin

Gorodets painting originated in the 18th-19th centuries in the Nizhny Novgorod region. There were many talented woodcarvers here, whose products decorated the life and household utensils of the peasants. Fairs with wooden products were famous in this area.

According to history, earlier in every village they celebrated the day of Ivan Kupala and, in addition to mass celebrations and lighting bonfires, they looked for an unusual fern flower. It grew in the forest and bloomed only 1 night a year - on Ivan Kupala. Residents did not know what it really was and therefore endowed it with an individual shade.

Later, Nizhny Novgorod craftsmen decorated wood products with amazing fern flowers. Some were bright red, others were sunny, and some were black. They were called kupavs with fern leaves. It was believed that such a symbol would bring prosperity and happiness to the house.

Also in those days, every house had a dismountable spinning wheel. After working on it, the bottom on which the comb was attached was hung on the wall. To attract attention, they began to decorate it with paintings. When fabrics became cheaper, the spinning wheels were hidden, and master carvers, in addition to the bottoms, began to decorate other utensils, including dishes, furniture, and children's toys with strange images.

Description of Gorodets painting

Gorodets painting of the 19th century.
Volga region craftsmen had been engaged in wood carving for a long time: each ship was decorated with elegant processing according to the idea of ​​​​Peter I. And the military power needed to be shown, the sovereign believed, and the artistic talent of the people. But when shipbuilding moved closer to the seashores, craftsmen from the Volga region began to look for a new niche for themselves. Some began to carve spoons, others - bowls, cups, and others specialized in spinning wheels. Gorodets painting began with these spinning wheels.

At first it was wood inlay, but later, to improve the presentation and save consumables, as well as make labor easier, craftsmen began to tint spinning wheels. Egg paints made spinning wheels bright, recognizable, and most importantly, in demand. The laws of the market always work - this is how the famous Gorodets painting appeared.

Quite realistic brides, fantasy horsemen, and even exotic palm trees could appear on the boards and bottoms of the spinning wheels.

The name stuck because Gorodets (following Nizhny Novgorod) was the main market for painted goods. Today you will only see spinning wheels in a museum, but the beautiful, eye-pleasing painting still lives on. And most often you can see Gorodets painting on a cutting board.

Features of the fishery:

• in most cases, craftsmen painted products without applying a preliminary drawing, but they could also use sketches in color;
• the artist's first works were flat carpentry (the same cutting boards);
• the background of the product – from light yellow to dark red, strictly corresponds to the artist’s intention;
• Gorodets painting is distinguished by small but elegant details - shading, light shading, curved strokes;
• After drying, the finished work is secured with varnish;
• the general rules of Gorodets painting, however, do not contradict the appearance of original versions.

Art historians are interested in thematic pictures of the craft: they show not only the life of the Russian people, but also very specific historical events.

And, what is especially important, in the early works a solution characteristic of Russian folk art was noted - a harmonious combination of reality and fantasy. Quite realistic brides, fantasy horsemen, and even exotic palm trees could appear on the boards and bottoms of the spinning wheels.

You can get acquainted more fully with Gorodets painting in our review article: “What is Gorodets painting: history, types, description, features of painting for children.”

Master class on drawing for children from 7 years old. Gorodets painting

How to draw a Gorodets pattern on a plate step by step for children from 7 years old
Author: Oksana Nikolaevna Bogatova, teacher of MKDOU “Kindergarten No. 94” Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region. Description: the master class will be of interest to educators, primary school teachers, additional education teachers, and parents. Children 6-7 years old will be able to complete the work with the help of adults, and older children - independently. Purpose: the panel plate can serve as a gift to relatives, friends and also decorate the interior of the kitchen. Goal: creating a decorative panel with Gorodets painting. Objectives: - continue to introduce children to folk crafts; — learn to make a pattern from elements of Gorodets painting; — improve your drawing skills with a thin brush; - develop a sense of composition; - cultivate interest and respect for folk art. Before starting the master class, I suggest taking a moment to remember the history of Gorodets painting and feel its sunny, kind atmosphere.

Gorodets wood painting is a famous folk craft of the Nizhny Novgorod region. It developed in the second half of the 19th century in the Trans-Volga villages near the city of Gorodets. Residents of the surrounding villages were known as skilled artisans, among whom were blacksmiths, weavers, dyers, carvers, carpenters and joiners. There was a lot of forest in the Volga region, and it provided a lot of cheap material from which everything was made: from children's toys to furniture.

Gorodets spinning wheels were especially famous, which were sold in large quantities at the Nizhny Novgorod fair and distributed throughout Russia. People bought them with pleasure thanks to the funny painted pictures on the bottom of the spinning wheel. After finishing work, housewives decorated the walls with such donuts instead of paintings. Soon, such painting began to decorate not only spinning wheels, but also many household items: chairs, baskets, boxes, salt shakers and toys. Gorodets painting is unique in its style, so it is quite difficult to confuse it. Not a single Gorodets product is complete without lush garlands and bouquets of flowers reminiscent of roses and daisies.

The subjects of Gorodets products had a kind of unique plot. Masters depicted gentlemen walking with ladies, riders on horses, tea drinking scenes in rich interiors.

Previously, Gorodets painting was done with egg paints, which were applied to the product in large spots of color, without a preliminary outline. The drawing was applied in free strokes with a graphic outline in black or white. The predominant colors were blue, red, white and black. Nowadays, craftsmen use oil paint, which has expanded the color range. But the motives and technology of Gorodets painting remained the same. Modern artists, as before, paint all kinds of wooden products: boxes, caskets, decorative panels, cabinets, shelves, bread bins, salt shakers, toys and furniture.

It has become a tradition for Nizhny Novgorod schoolchildren to visit Gorodets on excursions. There they will learn a lot of interesting things from the history of the Nizhny Novgorod region. They plunge into the atmosphere of the life of their ancestors. They can touch everything with their own hands.

And, of course, they participate in master classes by local artists. Children are delighted with such trips.

Now let me introduce my master class on drawing Gorodets painting. Materials: paper plate, white acrylic primer, primer brush, painting brushes No. 1, No. 2, No. 5, gouache (yellow, ruby, white), watercolor paints, simple pencil.

Cover the plate with primer (acrylic dries quickly).

Let's depict one of the elements in the center of the plate - a chamomile. In Gorodets painting, a chamomile can be blue, purple, red, or orange (a multi-petaled fantastic flower). We apply the drawing with a simple pencil.

Stage “underpainting”. We make the background with yellow gouache (brush No. 5).

Mix ruby ​​and white gouache to get a pink color. Making a pink background.

We outline the flower with red watercolor and paint the circle in the center (brush No. 2).

Inside the red petals we make a second row, then with white watercolor we outline the petals around class=”aligncenter” width=”627″ height=”470″[/img] We outline with white the large petals inside and the small ones outside (brush No. 2), add three strokes (white and red) apply dots (brush No. 1).

Now, draw the leaves with mustard color. The leaves in Gorodets painting vary in size, but are always arranged in groups. At the same time, they never exceed the size of the central flower of the composition.

Draw green leaves.

We make veins on the leaves (brush No. 1) - we draw a line along the leaf and several short ones across it.

Veins on green leaves are done differently.

The “revival” stage. We emphasize mustard-colored leaves on all sides with a thin line (brush No. 1) with black paint, and green leaves on one side with tendrils.

Our plate is ready.

In the center of the plate you can depict other options for Gorodets flowers, for example, roses.

An addition is a loop for hanging the panel on the wall.

My work for the holiday of Easter.

Thank you for your attention!

We recommend watching:

Gorodets painting on a cutting board Gorodets painting on a cutting board. Master class with step-by-step photos Gorodets painting of a cutting board. Master class with step-by-step photos Do-it-yourself panels made of colored paper. Master class with photos “Gorodets patterns”

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Gorodets painting. Master Class

Features of Gorodets painting

The main difference between this craft is its content. Each element of the image serves as a storyteller, painting not only a visually appealing series, but also an entire story. The apotheosis of the meaningfulness of Gorodets painting is genre scenes. They are free and quite conventional in nature, sometimes even bordering on caricature. But at the same time, they are very interesting to look at and “read.”

In Gorodets painting, realistic motifs often coexist with idealized ones. The images of animals and birds are very decorative. On painted items you can see lions and leopards, which, naturally, were exotic animals for Russia. But even the usual horse appears on the painted board as a hot, strong, and at the same time graceful animal, his pose is proud and warlike, and he himself appears not as a draft force, but as a royal animal.

It is not uncommon for Gorodets painting to have paired images, elements facing each other.

It is not uncommon for Gorodets painting to have paired images, elements facing each other. Where the plot requires it, the artist uses the motif of a magnificent curtain. The most preferred colors: bright red, expressive green, deep blue, black. The painting is done with a brush; no preliminary drawing is applied. The technique involves both broad strokes and the finest lines, the virtuosity of drawing which requires skill and experience.

Decorative drawing based on Gorodets painting.

– On the left bank of the Volga there was a large village of Gorodets. These places were profitable for trade. Various crafts developed among the population. In Gorodets there were blacksmiths, gingerbread makers, and dyers. There were especially many carpenters and woodcarvers: the forest provided cheap material.

The peasants of all the surrounding villages were engaged in fishing: they carved spoons, sharpened bowls, cups, and made tools for spinning and weaving. Women spun threads from flax and wove canvases for sale, so there was plenty of work for carvers and painters. The products were painted with floral patterns, in which white strokes separated the rose flower, leaves, and branches. From the old heritage, modern masters are developing individual traditional motifs: flowers, horses, birds. Factories produce wooden children's furniture (tables, chairs),

decorative plates, toys.
Painting is done with oil paints on wood and colored backgrounds of furniture. The unique appearance of this painting is given by elastic branches and bouquets formed by decorative flowers. Look at the patterns on the products. What is the name of a design that decorates an object? (Ornament.)
You and I made ornaments, but from geometric shapes. In Gorodets painting, a floral pattern is most often repeated. These flowers are called rosen and kupavka. They are the main elements of the floral pattern in Gorodets painting. For many decades, craftsmen have been perfecting the techniques of decorative cutting of flowers - roses, baths. With a few movements of the brush, the artist determines the silhouette of the flower in the shape of a circle. The circles for rosana are larger, for kupavka - smaller. The characteristic colors are red, orange, blue, green, white and soot. The next step is to determine the center of the flower. For roses, the center is drawn in the middle of the flower; for kupavka, it is shifted to the left or right. The center is painted with pure paint without white. Flower petals have the shape of semicircular arches. The color of the arms matches the color of the center of the flower. The final stage of painting is revitalization - linear cutting of the spot. In Gorodets painting it is often done with white. White strokes seem to illuminate the flowers and make the entire drawing glow festively. Let's draw elements of the floral pattern of Gorodets painting on the templates.

Summary of the lesson.

– Which products of Gorodets craftsmen did you like most?

– What items can be decorated with rose and kupavka?

– Our journey with the bee is over.

Lesson 4 COMPARING THE NUMBER OF OBJECTS. CHILD WITH KITTEN

Implementation of the program content in educational areas: “Cognitive development”, “Speech development”, “Artistic and aesthetic development”.

Types of children's activities: gaming, cognitive-research, communicative, visual.

Objectives: to introduce the quantitative composition of the number 9 from units; consolidate the idea of ​​the number 9; learn to depict a simple composition in modeling - the child plays with an animal, conveying the movements of human and animal figures; consolidate the ability to convey the proportions of the animal and human body; practice using basic modeling techniques.

Targets of preschool education: knows the quantitative composition of the number 9 from units; conducts comparative analysis of numbers; knows the concepts of “more”, “less”, “same”, solves one-step problems involving addition and subtraction; sculpts human and animal figures in motion according to a model, using various sculpting techniques.

Materials and equipment: cards, geometric material and items for counting; clay.

Contents of organized children's activities

Introductory word from the teacher. Introduction of the game moment.

- Let's play with our kitten today. What tasks has he prepared for you!

Preparation for class

An important part of any art class is preparation. First of all, for painting you will need a base. At the very first lesson, the teacher can offer children simply sheets of white paper (standard A5 shape), squares (cut from A4 or a smaller size) or strips (half of an A4 sheet, but only it is cut lengthwise).

At the first lesson in the senior group, children can master a simple striped pattern

In subsequent classes, the children are already offered a base in the form of some kind of kitchen utensil: a board, a vase, a dish, a plate, a glass, a bowl, a spoon, etc.

The base can be in the form of a piece of utensils and not necessarily white

In this case, it is advisable to tint the paper in some color. Traditionally, educators choose yellow, but it would be much better to paint the base to look like wood, choosing the appropriate paint or mixing yellow with brown (experiment on the palette).

A base tinted to look like wood will look very realistic.

In the older group, preschoolers can already be involved in preparing the basis for drawing. Most children really enjoy the process of tinting and even laying out the paper to dry.

To work you will need paints and brushes. For Gorodets painting, gouache is much better suited than watercolor: the image will turn out bright and saturated. Brushes should be of different thicknesses - for drawing large and small elements of the pattern.

For creativity you will need gouache and brushes of different thicknesses

What you need to know when preparing for a decorative drawing class

The success of a drawing lesson on the theme “Gorodets painting” with children 5–6 years old largely depends on how carefully it is thought out. And, of course, this mission falls entirely on the shoulders of the teacher.

Choice of colors for “Gorodets”

First of all, it is worth clarifying: only paints are used for painting; no pencils, felt-tip pens or markers can imitate original motifs. The choice between watercolor and gouache leans towards the second. The fact is that a distinctive feature of the Gorodets craft is bright, thick strokes for the pattern. You can't achieve this effect with watercolors. If we talk about paint colors, then these are:

• red;
• green;
• blue;
• orange.

For a favorable combination of bright colors, white and black colors are used.

The main color for Gorodets painting is red

Difficulty in drawing elements of Gorodets painting in the senior group

The drawing in this technique has its own characteristics, which consist in dividing the image into 2 or 3 tiers (the third tier is used in large panels):

• the top one is the location of the main plot (feast scenes, mass celebrations, hunting trips);
• girdle - a tier that separates the top and bottom (flowers or a flower with leaves that diverge in different directions are depicted here);
• the lower tier is dedicated to battle scenes, giving the picture grandeur and battle-like quality.

This is interesting. Sometimes birds or cats were painted on the “belt”.

Decorative drawing classes are an integral part of the learning process for children in kindergarten. However, not all children have pronounced abilities in the visual arts. That is why, as a rule, simple plots are taken to master the elements of painting:

• bud;
• rosean;
• kupavka or rose;
• chamomile.

Video: how to draw Gorodets kupavka

What to use as a basis for drawing

For older children, a sheet of paper is offered as a basis; it is desirable that it be painted in a yellowish color, imitating a wooden surface. Since the teacher, before starting work, talks about the history of this painting, always mentioning that initially these motifs were used to decorate dishes, then on the base sheet you can depict a vase, cutting board or plate as a stencil.

Gorodets masters of painting glorified their region with rich and picturesque drawings (flowers, scenes of feasts, hunting trips, etc.), which they applied to wooden dishes.

A cutting board cut out of paper can serve as the basis for the design.

As for painting specific objects, you need to use oil paints, which is not recommended in a child care facility due to their high toxicity.

What techniques are used

First of all, it is worth considering the age of the kids. Although this is already a senior group, they are unlikely to be able to build the composition of the drawing on their own. Therefore, the teacher draws several squares and rectangles on the basis, which will help the child navigate where each element should be. Each stage of work on Gorodets patterns has a certain originality in the technique of execution.

1. Underpainting. This stage involves drawing the main elements of the picture in one color.
2. Shading. Taking a different color of paint, we apply half-arcs, giving the drawing the image of a fairy-tale flower.
3. Revive. Working on the small details of the image: the edges and veins of leaves and petals, the core of the flower.
4. Live-out. The final stage involves working with white and black paints.

Video: drawing berries using the Gorodets technique

Suitable materials

To implement all levels of work on the plot, children will need:

• gouache;
• “squirrel” brushes No. 1, 5;
• container with water;
• wet wipes to remove excess paint and dirt from the skin of babies’ hands;
• sheets of paper (with templates of kitchen utensils, for example).

To imitate painting, you need to use gouache, as it gives a more saturated color

Form of work

There are 2 forms of working with children in kindergarten: individual (when each child makes a craft independently) and group (when the little ones complete individual elements of the drawing). As a rule, during the lesson the teacher uses a combination of these methods of organizing working time. In particular, to complete the tasks in the introductory part, children discuss the answer options in chorus. But the craft should only be done individually. But at the end, you can all together make a list of the most successful works.

How to interest children

As you know, it is better to see once than to hear a hundred times. This principle is especially relevant when working with children. Especially when it comes to working on a drawing using a certain technique. Therefore, the palm among motivating techniques is occupied by samples of Gorodets dishes. However, it is not always possible to show children these items “live”, so it is worth considering other ways to interest the kids.

Presentation and pictures

In the older group, children can already concentrate quite well on what they see on the screen. So a good way out is to show them presentations with pictures and sample paintings that can be found on the Internet. The teacher must comment on the slides or video clips about the history of the emergence of this trend in folk art. In addition, you need to hang posters or pictures of household items painted with Gorodets motifs, as well as with enlarged images of the patterns themselves.

Conversation based on the poems listened to

As already noted, any work in the senior group should be aimed at developing speech. So conversation is an integral part of the lesson. However, for a dialogue with the audience to take place, children must learn something about this direction in painting. To do this, you can offer several poems:

• Gorodets painting - how could we not know it? There are hot horses here, well done. There are such bouquets here that it is impossible to describe. The stories here are like nothing in a fairy tale.
• Yellow evening, black horse and bathing like fire. Birds look from the casket. Miracle painting of Gorodets.
• Our Russia is great and our people are talented. There is a rumor all over the world about our native Rus' and its craftsmen. Gorodets patterns are so much joy for the eyes. Craftswomen are growing up, perhaps among us. You play my harmonica, you, friend, sing along, glorify the masters of Great Rus' at the top of your voice!

Questions for conversation

• Where did this painting come to us from?
• What is shown in the patterns?
• How famous is this painting?

It is better to preface these questions with a more detailed study of the tradition, for example, looking at pictures.

What you need to buy for lessons

A modern approach today allows us to apply technologies for using Gorodets painting not only on wood, as it was originally, but also on an ordinary sheet of paper. In the school curriculum, children are introduced to the methods of depicting animals and patterns of Gorodets masters.

To conduct lessons for children, you need to purchase the necessary supplies.

• The material on which the design will be depicted. For children who are just starting to take their first steps in Gorodets painting, the ideal option would be plain paper or cardboard (not glossy).

For those who have already acquired skills in imaging techniques, you can use wooden blanks for work. These can be cutting boards, plates, etc.

• Dye. Her choice also largely depends on how much children practice this skill. If you are a beginner, then gouache paints are suitable. Most common sets of 12 can be used.
• Tassels. They need to be selected in different sizes. It is better if they are brushes made of natural bristles.
• Varnish. If you draw on a wooden surface, then after drying the drawing must be secured with transparent varnish. It will protect the drawing from damage and prevent the colors from fading.

Lesson note plan

The work takes place within a standard 30-minute lesson. And during this time, children should not only get acquainted with theoretical aspects (the history of the tradition), but also try themselves in practice as Gorodets masters. Before allocating the time that will be spent on each stage of the lesson, it is necessary to formulate goals and objectives. The goal-setting aspects are:

• acquaintance with the history of painting;
• learning to write individual elements of the Gorodets technique (for example, rosean, leaf, kupavka, etc.);
• strengthening the skill of working with paints and brushes.

Tasks include:

• continued work on developing the ability to build a composition of a drawing;
• training in working with technical elements (dots, animations, dashes, etc.);
• education of aesthetic perception of folk art.

An approximate timing would be:

• introductory part - 7 minutes (story about the history of painting with viewing of presentations, conversations about what was seen or heard, if we are talking about looking at pictures);
• main part - 18 minutes (work on drawings according to the teacher’s instructions with breaks for finger exercises, physical education);
• final stage - 5 minutes (drawing up a spontaneous exhibition of children’s works, choosing the most similar one, brief self-analysis: “What happened?”, “What caused difficulties?”, praise from the teacher).

  The teacher must control each stage of the drawing, showing how to apply pressure with a brush correctly

Drawing tools

True masters say that the most important thing in their work is their state of mind. It must be pure, enlightened. It is necessary to fully concentrate on the artistic work that lies ahead in the next few minutes.

A modern person, accustomed to the fast pace of life, even with the greatest desire, cannot for a short time renounce everyday worldly worries and problems, as skillful icon painters who lived several centuries ago did. However, focusing on creativity must be learned.

You should start with organizing your workplace, paying attention to the following aspects:

Aspect	Description
Table	Gorodets craftsmen differ from Khokhloma and Bogorodsk craftsmen in that during their work they can sit at ordinary tables. The working surface does not have to be located at the level of the seated person’s knees. Khokhloma and Bogorodsk masters should have long tables, but Gorodets artists work on tables of ordinary length. Beginner creators are advised to ensure that the table is wider, preferably with a footrest
Chair	The chair on which the artist will sit should be positioned so that the rays of light are on the left side
Lighting	It is better to give preference to natural light. To do this, you can sit near a window where the sun is shining. If this is not possible, you can use a lighting device. The lamp should be bright and located so that the canvas on which it is planned to paint is evenly illuminated. All areas of this canvas should receive approximately the same amount of light. Only in this case will the light emitted by the device be close to natural light
Room	One of the main conditions is that the work area must be well ventilated. Failure to comply with this requirement may lead to an allergic reaction as a result of prolonged interaction with paints, varnishes, solvents and other chemicals that are not very beneficial to health.

To avoid excessive stress during the process, experts recommend that you immediately get used to the working position.

To do this, the artist needs:

• be positioned straight;
• tilt your head a little;
• make sure that the distance between the eyes and the canvas is just over 30 cm;
• During the process, draw with both the brush and the entire upper limb, starting from the forearm.

Sometimes the artist holds his hands suspended: with his left he supports the wooden product, and with his right he directly carries out the painting itself. Sometimes the master's forearms rest on the surface of the table. This happens, for example, when painting a flat plate.

Before starting work, it is necessary to correctly place on the table surface all the equipment that you plan to use. If this is not done, then fuss will begin during work. For this reason, real masters follow a strictly routine order in placing paints and painting tools on the table.

Namely:

• The place in front of the master is free. Items that will be needed in the work will be placed here;
• it is necessary to allocate a space of approximately 0.5 square meters. m to accommodate 2-3 small boards. They should lie so as not to interfere with each other. Next time, the master can replace the boards with wooden spoons or boxes that are to be painted;
• Place containers with paints and a palette near the products. The latter is a wide plate of glass or plastic. The main condition is that its surface should be easy to clean;
• Place a vessel with water on the table and put a small cloth.

For a beginning craftsman, the main tools will be brushes, paper and paints.

Paper

You will need white paper. You can take a leaf from a school album.

Paints

Gorodets masters perform painting elements with oil paints, so you can follow their example. However, a novice painting artist is recommended to use gouache. This could be a kit for schoolchildren.

Black, white, scarlet, cherry and bright blue are used pure, and yellow, dark green and red are used to obtain new colors. If you mix them correctly, you get a gamma similar to Gorodets.

You will also need cinnabar to work. This is a material that has a bright red color. It is expensive, so many beginning artists do without it at first. However, without cinnabar it will not be possible to make a good painting.

An artist working with gouache must remember: before starting to apply the 2nd layer, you must wait until the previously applied layer has completely dried. If this is not done, the image will take on a whitish tint.

Brushes

Craftsmen use various brushes to apply paint to a wooden product. Their exact number and size depend on what techniques will be used, as well as on the scale of the work. Artists can work for several days to create one masterpiece.

All brushes must be placed on special wooden stands.

Gorodets painting (elements of painting are done without a layout) will require 3 artistic brushes:

• squirrel under No. 2 or No. 3;
• core under No. 1 or No. 2;
• flute made of soft hair.

After use, each brush should be thoroughly washed and dried.

Teaching children in kindergarten and primary school

For kindergarten (senior group), painting a board is one of the ways to teach a child fine art and understand it at a certain level. It is preferable to start practice on paper, as it can be used as a sketch that can be transferred to a harder material.

You just need to prepare your brushes and a few spreads from your notebook (for blanks) to get started. Consider aspects:

• paper should be taken in a format close to A4 (in albums or Whatman paper of appropriate size), and for children from five years old, the best option would be to use also less dense sheets for sketches, from which the whole idea will be transferred finally;
• You will need three brushes to get the best result: core brush, squirrel brush and flute brush. The latter is a flat brush used for small strokes that cannot be made with more substantial varieties;
• masters use oil paints in their work, and in art classes for preschoolers (fifth grade can also use templates for training) it is better to teach with gouache. The standard set includes twelve colors, of which you need to take only eight: white, cherry, bright blue, scarlet, yellow, dark green and red. The last 3 must be mixed, and the remaining ones can be used separately.

At a younger age, decorative drawing is easier to demonstrate to teachers step by step (for beginner adults, a similar method of work is also suitable) in the following sequence:

• sketch the diagram in natural size. Minor details are noted that will be carried over to the final version.
• Highlighting the center of the mosaic and the features that will be applied in each section;
• drawing each fragment thoroughly using the specified tools;
• coating the board with varnish - entrust this phase to those who are older.

Educators and teachers need to control the process at the stage of transferring the plan onto the plane in order to prevent paint from flowing out where it is needed, and to eliminate minor errors faster.

The two main sections of the illustration procedure, underpainting and animation, are performed with different brushes (in the case of floristry, shadows are also drawn between them). First you need to paint the background in an even layer, and then start adding details.

The finished product should be dried before varnishing with a transparent product that protects against fading, burnout and dampness.

Current techniques for Gorodets painting

First, the teacher introduces children to the main elements of the Gorodets pattern - flowers and leaves. The first are varied in color and shape, but the main types are rose, bud and chamomile.

Drawing a flower always begins with a circle, and then smaller elements are indicated inside with a thin brush. Rosean and chamomile have a pronounced center (a large spot of contrasting color). The first is surrounded by brackets - rounded petals that do not reach the center, but match it in color; the second flower has elongated petals and starts from the center. For a bud, the pattern begins from the edge of the circle - in the form of a spot and semicircles diverging from it.

The rose and the bud have a clearly defined center around which the petals are formed, but the bud is drawn differently

The leaves in the Gorodets ornament are also varied in shape and size. As a rule, they are located in groups of several pieces or on a branch. The leaves are directed in different directions; they can be round or more elongated. For large leaves you can mark an outline; for small leaves this is not necessary.

The simplest Gorodets leaf is depicted in the shape of a pumpkin seed.

The leaves are arranged in groups (looking in different directions) or on a branch

Preschoolers should learn about the basic techniques of Gorodets painting:

1. Underpainting. This is a circular motion with the brush to apply a single spot, such as the base of a flower. The underpainting is done with a wide brush. It is important to get the right amount of paint. After all, if there is not enough of it, the drawing will turn out to be pale and inexpressive, and if there is too much, the paint will then begin to peel off.

   Underpainting is a circular motion with a wide flat brush to apply a circular spot of color.

2. Shadow. Using darker colors (compared to a large element). For example, if a flower is pink, then its center and petals will be burgundy; if the leaf is light green, then its veins will be black. In this case, a thin or medium-sized brush is used. The drawing itself is done carefully. For example, to depict the petal brackets of a rose, you need to touch the tips to the paper, then draw the bow with the entire brush and mark its end again with the tip.

   When shading, a darker tone of paint is used than when underpainting, for example, pink is shaded with dark burgundy

3. Revive. These are white or black strokes in the form of droplets, strokes, dots, arcs, and spirals. They seem to enliven the pattern, make it elegant, and add a unique beauty to Gorodets painting. The animation is done with the tip of a thin brush, very carefully.

   It is the revival that makes the Gorodets pattern unique, as if it brings it to life

Of course, Gorodets craftsmen also paint more complex objects on their products, for example, a bird or a horse. However, for older preschoolers this will not be very easy. But the teacher can try to explain to the children the process of drawing a bird (after successfully depicting simpler ornaments), accompanying it with a step-by-step drawing diagram. In addition, you can offer appropriate templates: the guys will simply circle them and draw them.

You can try to draw a bird with preschoolers - a more complex element of painting

An important part of teaching students of the senior group Gorodets painting is thinking through the composition of the drawing. To do this, on the basis, children are allowed to outline the approximate location of the main elements with a simple pencil. This can be used as part of an individual approach - for children who find it difficult to immediately determine the composition.

Another point is to remind preschoolers about the need to mix paints. After all, flowers look very beautiful in soft pink and blue colors. Similarly, by mixing green gouache with white, you can get various shades of leaves.

Gorodets flowers look beautiful in soft pink and blue colors

Step-by-step creation of the composition “Buds with leaves”

1. Preschoolers are offered a round base, tinted to look like wood. Just below the center, underpainting circles are depicted: in the middle there is a larger pink one, on the sides and a little higher there are smaller blue ones (children first mix the paints to obtain the desired shades).

   There is a pink circle just below the center, smaller blue circles on the sides and just above

2. On the edge of the pink circle, partially extending beyond its limits, you need to draw a small red circle. A similar shading is done on blue circles using blue paint.

   The spot should be on the edge of the large circle and partially extend beyond it

3. Next, the central bud is complemented by red petals around a large circle, and blue arches are simply drawn on the side ones.

   The central bud will have rounded petals and the side ones will be decorated with arches

4. Now you need to draw leaves and twigs. Symmetrical prints are obtained by applying a brush.

   Neat leaves are obtained using the dipping technique

5. The final and most important stage is the “revival” of the flower arrangement. Using a thin brush, apply dots, droplets, strokes, and arcs with a light touch. Here it is important not to get too carried away and maintain a sense of proportion.

   It is important to maintain a sense of proportion so that there is not too much excitement

The main plots outlined for the most part

As a rule, they come across works:

• flowers (rosan, daisies, kupavka). Visualized in the form of a symmetrical bouquet, garland, stripe, wreath or diamond;
• birds (swans, peacocks, roosters, pigeons or cuckoos, depending on the author’s purpose);
• The “tree of life” is the personification of nature. These things contain a lot of components (compounds from plants, birds). The draftsman also draws a horse on the left and right, and occasionally lions, leopards and other exotic things.

Professionals also engage in more advanced types, such as plot painting, where there may be miniatures depicting events in real life or literary works.

Both the interior of a residential building and the streets of populated areas are depicted with the maximum possible number of subtleties. Often in such images you can see elements in the manner of domestic animals located at the feet of the owner. Another feature is the presence of vegetation in the winter landscape outside the building.

Similar crafts are usually embodied in a rectangular configuration, and the edges are decorated with ornaments. There are also round variations, installed on a shelf as decorative plates, the patterns on which are located on the edge.

The box is capable of containing on its edge a few outlines with various situations, the central one of which is placed on the lid or front wall (on the side where the structure opens).

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The description of the life of the peasants reflected the reality of the time period in which the master’s work was carried out as meaningfully as possible. Unusual displays, inscribed in a scene from everyday life, enhance the effect of what they see.

The most important actors are located in the center of the canvas - larger than the rest. Shots of tea parties, feasts, weddings and other events - always with a table where dishes are placed or other secondary objects that reveal the essence of what is happening.

Elements based on folk tales are no less popular and in demand - the plot and characters are recognizable at first sight, and the richness depends only on the imagination of the creator.

Start of image

In order for the drawing to turn out really neat and beautiful the first time, it is not enough just desire and prepared materials. It is very important to learn the technique of applying an image. Here you need to understand how to hold the brush, how to guide it, what movements to use to depict the details of the drawing.

All Gorodets painting is carried out in three stages. The first thing to do is to apply a background onto which the drawing will be superimposed. Next, we carry out the drawing step by step.

• Underpainting. Large spots of color that will subsequently serve as the basis for the image. These are big figures. For children, the elements of underpainting are very easy.

They are applied in a thin layer and completely shaded. You need to sketch them very carefully so that there are no streaks, sagging or gaps. For a good result, it is better to paint with a flat, wide brush.

• Fabric. Brush number 2 is used. The essence of this stage is to break the underpainting into parts and highlight the details.
• Revivals. This is another technique in the Gorodets technique. Here black and white paint comes to the rescue, which highlight the accents of the picture. This stage is very difficult and requires concentration.

With black and white paint, many dots are applied to the underpainting and fabric, which add brightness and liveliness to the drawing. It is important not to overdo it here, as a large amount of animation can ruin the drawing.

Gorodets painting will turn out very well if you learn how to hold a brush correctly. It should be perpendicular to the surface on which the design is applied.

In this case, the hand should be supported by the elbow and fixed by it, and the hand should remain mobile and free. If it is difficult for a child to hold his hand in this position for a long time, then you can rest it on the little finger. In this hand position it is easier to draw smooth and regular lines.

The last thing in drawing a Gorodets painting is to connect all the elements together step by step. Pictures should be bright and colorful.

This is the main feature of this direction in art. If the child has learned to depict elements well on paper, you can continue and offer to draw on a wooden base.

Features of the composition

Gorodets painting has its own characteristics in the placement of the main elements. To make a drawing organic, you need to think it through very well and make a sketch. Only then are the elements transferred to the base. For children, you need to explain the basic compositional techniques of Gorodets painting.

One large element must be performed in the center of the picture. It could be one of the images:

• plant motif (flower);
• image of an animal (horse, bird).

Smaller pictures of flowers and leaves act as additional elements in the composition of Gorodets painting. The composition ends with the design of the frame. It is also one of the decorations of the entire compositional series.

Gorodets painting requires the student to complete all the details step by step. He must understand that it will not be possible to make such a drawing quickly, since each stage is applied after the previous one has completely dried. Concentration and the desire to achieve a positive result are the main rules of an ideal drawing.

Cutting board decoration

Gorodets painting on a cutting board has become the most popular lately. This essential item for any housewife can become a real work of art in the hands of a good craftsman. By gradually following the instructions from the work diagram, novice craftsmen can create their first creation :

1. Draw a sketch of a pattern to decorate the board or print the finished composition.
2. Cut out templates of basic shapes using the appliqué principle.
3. Prepare a board for painting. To do this, it is sanded with sandpaper.
4. If the design provides for a colored background, then prime the sanded board with this color.
5. Trace the templates and cut out parts with a pencil.
6. The basic forms are painted over.
7. After drying, they move on to the shade. At this stage, the coloring of the board takes on more specific forms.
8. The final stage of painting is revival. Light colors give the product an elegant, festive look.
9. Spray the varnish with a spray bottle, evenly covering the surface of the image and the entire board.

After the varnish has dried, the Gorodets painting template on the cutting board will take on a fabulous look. Thus, by applying the acquired knowledge and using the acquired skills, many from beginners turn into seasoned masters of painting.

Application in life

Of course, unlike the old works, a new step in the development of painting took place thanks to the emergence of new paints and technologies. The technique of craftsmanship in the modern interpretation of creativity is much brighter and more elegant and is mainly used for souvenir and decorative purposes, as well as for the development of artistic skills. Nowadays, elements of the imagination of artists are adding new images in the form of butterflies and insects, and even drawings of wonderful unicorns are allowed.

Painting is used on wooden surfaces of kitchen boards, plates, spoons, salt shakers and even on furniture. It is appropriate on tables and chairs.

Like other types of paintings, Gorodets drawings are used in airbrushing cars, phones, laptops and other plastic and metal surfaces, using stencils.

Photo gallery: examples of children's work

Pupils of the senior group portrayed the Gorodets bird quite adequately

Based on the step-by-step drawing scheme, the guys can easily depict a bird. The original basis for work is a template of a wooden spoon. To begin with, the guys can practice creating a pattern on a rectangular base, and then on a tableware template. Each board has a border of a certain color, which makes it more beautiful. The flower arrangements turned out bright and juicy Blue flowers in the Gorodets style look very elegant Semicircular floral pattern on the plate looks wonderful

Gorodets painting will give preschoolers a lot of positive emotions, because fairly simple elements allow you to create incredibly beautiful compositions. The teacher only needs to think through interesting topics for classes, choosing a suitable basis, and be able to interest children as much as possible in this type of Russian folk craft.

Video materials

A short slideshow accompanied by folk music with photographs of products from Gorodets craftsmen

Suitable for display on a projector.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=PvMa-4MUTEM

Master class “Drawing a berry”

Master class “Drawing underpainting”

Master class “Shadow and revival”

Open lesson on visual arts “Gorodets painting”

Decorative drawing classes expand children's knowledge about folk crafts, music, and folklore. The pupils' vocabulary is actively expanding. Palekh, Khokhloma, Gzhel, Gorodets - these words will be filled with meaning for the children and will be preserved in their memory with bright, fabulous images. Studying the features and techniques of Gorodets painting contributes to the development of spatial and figurative thinking, the ability to independently plan actions and construct a composition. By creating drawings based on Gorodets painting, the children themselves can choose the shape of the workpiece, think over the type of future ornament and choose colors for work. The works of masters from Gorodets are close to children with their colorfulness and simplicity of composition, encouraging independent creativity.