Abstract on artistic and aesthetic development. Modeling in the preparatory group. Topic: “Cockerel with his family” (based on the story by K. D. Ushinsky) (collective composition)

Features of modeling in the preparatory group

Types of sculpting:

• subject - a generalized image of the characteristic features of individual objects (duck, owl, crow, etc.);
• plot - a composition of several objects and objects, an artistic embodiment of episodes from fairy tales, literary works (K. Ushinsky “Cockerel with his Family”) or scenes from the surrounding life (“Cockerel with a Hen”, “Hen with Chicks”), practiced only in the older and preparatory groups;
• decorative - a plastic embodiment of the image of a cockerel and a hen in the style of traditional techniques of folk decorative art according to a sketch independently prepared by the child using bright, rich painting (geometric or plant patterns), for example the Filimonovskaya toy, or additional materials (beads, feathers, buttons, shells, seeds ) as an original decoration of the product.

Examples of plot compositions on the theme “Cockerel with his family”

"Cockerel with his family on a walk"

“Cockerel and Hen” modeling in the tradition of the Filimonovskaya toy

"Filimonov family"

"Chicken in a cozy nest"

“Easter chicken” made from salt dough

"Naughty cockerels"

Much attention is paid to collective modeling, thanks to which children develop the skills of coordination of actions, teamwork, improve the psycho-emotional qualities of solidarity, and demonstrate feelings of camaraderie and responsibility. When performing a collective composition, the teacher divides the children into subgroups of four to five people and gives them different tasks, for example, one group sculpts cockerels, another - hens, a third - chickens, a fourth - invents and makes decorations.

Examples of collective work

Examples of various tasks on the topic “Cockerel with his family”

"The chicken went out for a walk"

"Filimonovskie cockerels"

"The Cockerel Family"

Technical types of modeling:

• Constructive - with this method, an image is created by combining and connecting different parts or parts as elements of a constructor. A child masters this technique at the age of two or three, inventing a model and its components.
• Sculptural - modeling from a single piece of material, the child kneads and gives the necessary shape, fashioning an image from a shapeless piece, using a whole arsenal of auxiliary small finger movements: stretches the shape of a beak or tail, crushes it to form wings, twists, pinches, conveying the texture of the surface, presses and etc.
• Combined - a large form is sculpted in a sculptural way, for example, the body, and parts and details (wings, tail, beak, eyes) are attached separately using the molding method. In older preschool age, children prefer this particular option for creating products.
• Modeling using a ready-made form - a thin cake of rolled material is wrapped around a durable form (jar, bottle), the excess is removed, and the seams are smoothed. If necessary, carefully remove the frame form. In this topic, this method is most often used to form the body of a cockerel or chickens.
• Modular modeling - a product is created by constructing from ready-made identical elements (modules), for example, balls, flagella, plates, according to the principle of a volumetric mosaic.

Equipment and tools:

• frames (sticks of different lengths and thicknesses), which are used as load-bearing rods or fasteners for parts or parts of a figure;
• stacks - pointed, rounded, as well as in the form of a spatula and a loop of sticks, used to remove excess clay, make cuts for paws or wings and work out details and texture (feathers, eyes, beak) using drawing and strokes;
• special boards, the size of which depends on the size of the figure (for a figure of 15x20 cm, a board of 22x35 cm is suitable) or rotary machines.

Special boards are usually used for modeling

Characteristic features of modeling work for older preschoolers:

• The desire to more accurately convey the shape of an object, to complement it with secondary details (decorative decorations, external interior or scenery for a plot composition), to depict it in motion.
• Independent selection of an episode, implementation of work planning.
• A wide range of techniques and materials used (clay, plasticine, dough).
• The works of children of senior preschool age embody a generalized image that conveys the vivid characteristics of an object without deep specification and elaboration of details.

Basic skills and knowledge acquired by six-year-old children at previous stages and options for their further development:

• Ability to distinguish and sculpt the shapes of a ball, cylinder, cone and disk.
• In the preparatory group, children are taught to convey the ratio of quantities (more or less), compare similar objects, create compositions (“Mischievous cockerels”, “Chicken in a cozy nest”, “Chickens for a walk”) from painted clay or colored plasticine and place them on stand.
• Use of the tape method of attaching a tape-shaped base to a base, techniques of pressing and pulling, pinching, mastered in the senior group, studying the method of circular molding. These fine hand techniques are especially in demand in the decorative sculpting process.
• Modeling of birds, animals, toys in the style of folk crafts, for example, a Dymkovo toy, from a single piece by drawing out individual parts or parts; later, children are shown options for sculpting individual parts of a bird figure (head and body from a cone or cylinder, flat modeling of wings) and their connections.

Children with interest not only sculpt a folk toy, but also decorate it with original ornaments.

Modeling techniques for the composition “Cockerel with his family”

According to the Federal State Educational Standard, the topics of modeling lessons are repeated annually, but differ in the level of complexity of techniques for making crafts. Children 6–7 years old:

• develop the skill of turning “sausages” into flagella, for example, to show the feathers on the tail of a rooster;

  Children of the preparatory group learn to convey the plot in the poses and movements of the figures

• improve the skill of forming “peas” from “balls” for the eyes of birds;
• practice the skill of smoothing seams when pinching parts, for example, a neck with a head and torso;
• learn to pull back plasticine to get pointed elements, for example, a rooster's beak;
• reinforce the skill of creating identical parts in shape and size, for example, bird wings;
• choose the colors of plasticine for the figures themselves;

  Using certain shades of plasticine, children should rely on a familiar image: fairy-tale or real

• They use stacks to give the elements of the craft a relief.

Organization, structure and methodology of the lesson

Approximate general education programs for preschool educational organizations focus on a half-hour duration of continuous classes in the preparatory group with breaks for physical education (finger, breathing, motor gymnastics) of 3–5 minutes. Modeling classes are recommended to be held once every two weeks.

Organization and preparation for the lesson.

Children prepare the workplace independently, i.e., each person determines the required amount of clay or plasticine and selects stacks for modeling. Before the lesson, children are asked to choose an image, for example, sculpt birds of their choice in the collective work “Bird Yard”, decide on the quantity and nature of the material (clay or plasticine, possibly dough), think about the shape, proportions, and ways of conveying dynamics. Only after such preliminary work do children begin to implement the plan.

Lesson structure

1. Organizational stage.

To stimulate the birth of a mental image of a character and its greater expressiveness, the teacher shows toys on the topic, illustrations, slide shows, reads excerpts from fairy tales, fiction, poems, riddles.

An example of the organizational part of a modeling lesson in the tradition of a clay toy (from the notes “Introduction to the Filimonov toy. Modeling a cockerel”, author: Roza Rushanovna Abdinova)

Slide show on the topic “Filimonovskaya toy”

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Video: demonstration video “Filimonovskaya toy”

2. Practical stage.

The methodology for conducting the lesson includes a practical part, when the teacher shows and explains the sequence of fastening parts or parts into one whole, paying attention to the need to tightly coat the parts on all sides. With his questions, the teacher leads the students to understand the algorithm of actions. The teacher demonstrates certain technical techniques for using instruments and plastic ways of conveying expressiveness to the whole group at once, then advises each child individually, depending on the plan.

3. Independent work of children.

Pupils of the preparatory group are shown only technical techniques unknown to them; the children mostly carry out the work independently; the teacher’s intervention is limited to a hint or a question. Particular attention is paid to the development and improvement of handmade skills, comprehension of the image and methods of its artistic embodiment.

4. Summarizing, analysis and introspection.

At the end of the task, children discuss and evaluate the resulting figures, noting the degree of expressiveness, proportionality, comparing them with the model and their idea formed during the process of observation in real life. If the works are small, then they are placed on an exhibition board with the names of the children.

Planning a lesson

In the lesson scenario, the teacher indicates goals and objectives. In the process of planning, organizing and conducting applique classes with older preschoolers, they usually focus on solving the following problems:

• improving the visual perception of an object form, for example, its changes depending on the actions of the object;
• the use of a variety of techniques (the dominant ones are constructive and combined), as well as a variety of means, techniques and instruments (stacks, supports for connecting parts, signets for decoration) in order to achieve greater artistic and emotional expressiveness of the image, conveying the dynamics of the object;
• improving the skills of conveying a form (creating an object from several parts), observing the proportions of objects, consolidating the technique of creating an image from a single piece;
• development of plot modeling, since children can sculpt several objects (two or three sculptures) during one lesson and create a composition of characters in a certain interaction;
• further development of independence and creative initiative, learning to independently choose a plot based on familiar fairy tales or literary works.

An example of a summary of a modeling lesson on the topic “Cockerel with a family” (based on the summary of NOD by Nadezhda Lichman)

Modeling techniques

The theme “Cockerel and his family” is realized using five modeling techniques.

Sculptural (plastic)

The figurine is created from one piece of plasticine by stretching, smoothing or pinching elements. Children 6–7 years old practice precision manipulation with plasticine, trying to make the details as naturalistic as possible: a pointed beak, a thin crest, an elongated neck that smoothly turns into a body, claws on the paws, etc.

Sculptural modeling in the preparatory group is complicated by the active use of stacks to add texture to the image

Constructive modeling

This technique consists of combining finished parts into a single composition. So, to create a chicken, children separately form an oval-shaped body, a round head, an elongated ball turning into a cone for the beak, “sausages” of legs, elongated “pancakes” for the wings, and a rounded shape for the tail.

Particular emphasis is placed on the accuracy of smoothing and smearing of elements.

In constructive modeling, all the details are first prepared, and then a solid figure is assembled from them.

Combined technique

The combination of sculptural and constructive modeling is called a combined technique. For example, using a sculptural method, a torso is made from one piece of oval-shaped plasticine and the neck and head are extended from it. And the wings, paws, tail, comb and beard are attached from separately sculpted elements made using constructive techniques.

In a combined technique, children usually sculpt their torso and head.

Modular technology

Modeling is based on combinations of modules - separately sculpted figures, representing 2-3 independent plots, which are complemented by details and combined into a single composition. For example, a cockerel, a hen, a chick in the framework of crafts on the theme “Poultry” are supplemented with grass, a house, and an appropriate description and the craft “Cockerel with his family” is obtained.

In this composition, the modules are cockerels, which were combined into one plot: birds peck grain

Modeling according to shape

Waste material is used in the sculpting of bird figurines, for example, toy cases in Kinder Surprise, which are covered with plasticine and supplemented with separately sculpted wings, tail and beak. This technique produces funny yellow chickens.

The shape of chickens is familiar to children from the middle group; in preparatory crafts they are complicated by the use of additional materials - ready-made eyes, which need to be carefully and symmetrically glued on