From experience in the patriotic education of kindergarten students

From the experience of working on patriotic education of kindergarten students

From the experience of working on patriotic education of kindergarten students First category teacher Lyaskina Natalya Nikolaevna Belogorsk

Childhood is an everyday discovery of the world, so we must make sure that it becomes, first of all, a knowledge of man and the Fatherland, their beauty and greatness. V.A. Sukhomlinsky.

Motherland, Fatherland... In the roots of these words there are images close to everyone: mother and father, those who give life to a new being. Instilling a sense of patriotism in preschoolers is a complex and lengthy process. Love for loved ones, for kindergarten, for one’s hometown and home country play a huge role in the development of a child’s personality.

Acquaintance of children with their native land: with historical, cultural, national, geographical, natural features forms in them such character traits that will help them become a patriot and citizen of their Motherland. After all, vivid impressions of one’s native nature and the history of one’s native land, received in childhood, often remain in a person’s memory for the rest of his life.

The poet K. Simonov writes in the poem “Motherland”:

“You don’t remember a big country that you traveled and got to know.

You remember the Motherland as you saw it as a child.”

And indeed, no matter how great our country is, a person connects his feeling of love for it with the places where he was born and raised; with a street that I have walked along more than once; with the yard where I planted the first tree.

The growth of scientific and technological progress, new discoveries and technical inventions have relegated spiritual values to the background. The problems of educating the younger generation to love their small Motherland have fallen out of sight of scientists and practitioners for many years. With the introduction of the Russian Federation Law “On Education”, significant changes occurred in the development of the education system. This entailed a change in the content of education. One of the priority areas was the introduction of preschool children to the national and regional cultural heritage and history of the country and region.

A special place in government program documents of recent years has been given to instilling patriotism in the younger generation. After all, the formation of an attitude towards the country, the state where a person lives, begins from childhood.

We live in a small but beautiful city - Belogorsk. And they must help children find out what is beautiful and rich about the region that bears such a proud name. After all, it is the process of knowing one’s own, one’s relatives, and loved ones that is associated with the enrichment of the child’s spiritual world, his personal experiences, which provide the basis for the formation of high feelings: love for the Motherland, readiness to defend the Fatherland.

Based on the above, I set myself the following goal:

To form the moral and patriotic feelings of preschoolers in the process of studying the history, culture, natural and economic features of their native land.

This work includes a whole range of tasks:

Give children an idea about the history of our region.
Introduce children to the symbols of Russia and the city: coat of arms, flag, anthem.
To foster respect for people’s work and a sense of pride in the labor achievements of fellow countrymen.
Expand children's knowledge about their hometown, as a part of the Russian land.
Develop interest in the traditions of the national culture of the Russian people. To develop tolerance and a sense of respect for other peoples.
Enrich children's knowledge about the natural resources of their native land, their role in the social and economic development of the region.
Using the example of the lives of famous people of the city of Belogorsk, cultivate a sense of civic responsibility and pride in the labor and military exploits of their fellow countrymen.
To cultivate love and affection, a creative attitude towards one’s hometown and native land.

The leading form of work to get acquainted with the native land and city are educational activities that activate the mental activity of children. For this purpose, I use comparison techniques (for example: comparing the cultures of different nations), search questions, and individual assignments. I teach children to analyze and draw conclusions. An important method of presenting information to children, especially of a historical nature, is an educational story. Considering that preschoolers are characterized by visual-figurative thinking, it is necessary to accompany it with visual material: photographs, illustrations, slides, diagrams, as well as ancient household items. Addressing children with questions during the story activates their attention and encourages logical thinking. For example: Why do you think people decided to build a city in this place? or Why is our region and city called that? etc.

The work of introducing the enterprises of the region and the work of fellow countrymen develops into an interesting long-term role-playing game in which children apply their knowledge and already accumulated life experience (“Motor transport enterprise”, “Library”, “Atelier”, “Construction site”, etc. . )

It should be emphasized that a preschool child is characterized by short-term interests, unstable attention, and fatigue. Therefore, I develop, produce and use in my work a variety of didactic games and aids, the content of which is consistent with the objectives of education, and the form is accessible to every child. Didactic games are an integral part of classes and routine moments in the life of a group. The knowledge acquired by children contributes to the development of their creative activity. The children enjoy drawing, sculpting, and making crafts from natural and waste materials.

The first feelings of patriotism... Are they accessible to kids? Based on experience in this area, we can give an affirmative answer: preschoolers, especially older ones, have access to a feeling of love for their hometown, their native nature, and their Motherland. This is the beginning of patriotism, which is born in knowledge, and is formed in the process of purposeful education.

A four-year-old child should know the name of his street and the one on which the kindergarten is located.

The attention of older children needs to be drawn to objects that are located on the nearest streets: school, cinema, post office, pharmacy, etc., talk about their purpose, and emphasize that all this was created for the convenience of people.

The range of objects that older preschoolers are introduced to is expanding - this is the region and the city as a whole, its attractions, historical places and monuments. The children are explained in whose honor they were erected. An older preschooler should know the name of his city, his street, the streets adjacent to it, and also in honor of whom they are named. They explain to him that every person has a home and a city where he was born and lives. This requires excursions around the city, into nature, observation of the work of adults, where each child begins to realize that work unites people, requires them to be coherent, mutual assistance, and knowledge of their business. And here, acquaintance of children with the folk crafts of the region and folk craftsmen becomes of great importance.

The task of teachers and parents is to awaken in a growing person a love for his native land as early as possible, and from the first steps to form in children character traits that will help him become a person, a citizen of society. To cultivate love and respect for one’s home, kindergarten, home street, city; a sense of pride in the country’s achievements, love and respect for the army, pride in the courage of the soldiers; develop interest in the phenomena of social life accessible to the child.

“A future citizen is growing in your family and under your leadership. Everything that happens in the country should come to the children through your soul and your thoughts,”

- this commandment of A.S. Makarenko is the motto of my work with children and their parents. An important condition for the effective implementation of moral and patriotic education is a close relationship with the families of students. In my work, I rely on parents not only as kindergarten assistants, but as equal participants in the formation of the child’s personality. Work on the thematic block “Our Native Land” is carried out with the direct active participation of all generations of the child’s family. After all, the grandparents of our students are living participants in the history of their native land. Children, together with their parents and grandparents, discuss family traditions, heirlooms, national and professional roots of their family. Old photographs and stories from older family members help children to better understand historical facts and events, to feel the connection of their family and themselves as a member of it with their native land.

Parents actively participate in creating a developmental environment: organizing photo exhibitions, decorating folklore holidays with attributes of Russian life, making elements of Russian costumes for children.

Planning of work in this direction is carried out on the following topics: “My family”, “My street”, “My kindergarten”, “My city”, “My Russia”. Work on each topic includes classes, games, excursions, unregulated activities for children, and on some topics - holidays. Thematic planning contributes to the effective and systematic acquisition by children of knowledge about their country, native land, and the area where they live. Moreover, the topics are repeated in each group. Only the content, volume of cognitive material and complexity, and therefore the duration of study, change. The main form of moral and patriotic education of children is thematic classes. Since ancient times, Rus' has loved holidays and celebrated them with special respect. Folk holidays were of a natural-agricultural nature. The holidays of the Russian people reflected the characteristic features of the way of life, way of life, and natural time. It is necessary to honor your history, to know the peculiarities of the cultural life of your great-grandfathers, so that, by reviving old traditions, you can show them to children in a new, modern sound.

The best means for this are holidays and entertainment. Currently, the main composition of the festive events that are held annually in our kindergarten has been determined. This:

folk and folklore holidays - Maslenitsa, spring-summer games and fun, Autumn;
state and civil holidays - New Year, Defender of the Fatherland Day, Victory Day, City Day;
international holidays - Mother's Day, International Women's Day, Children's Day;
Orthodox holidays - Christmas, Easter;
household and family holidays - birthdays, school graduation, holidays that are specially invented by adults.

Holidays are always accompanied by good music, new decoration of the hall, an interesting story game, and various surprises.

Working in this direction, we have already achieved results:

children received the necessary knowledge about their city, region of Russia;
close cooperation with parents continues;
teachers continue to improve their teaching skills;
cooperation between the kindergarten and city organizations has expanded;
group corners for moral and patriotic education are replenished with new materials;
monitoring of children of the middle and senior groups on moral and patriotic education is carried out (Appendix 1)

Future plans:

continue work on patriotic education;
use the project method of work in the future;
create mini-museums “Family Collections” and “Russian Izba”.

Citizenship, love for the Motherland, reverence and respect for folk traditions and customs, a sense of one’s roots, continuity of generations, responsibility for the fate of one’s people and their culture - all this is very important for a person, regardless of whether he is an adult or a child.

Success in patriotic education can only be achieved if adults themselves know and love the history of their country, their city. They must be able to select the knowledge that will be available to preschool children, something that can cause children a feeling of delight and pride.

But no amount of knowledge will give a positive result if the teacher himself does not admire his country, his people, his city.

Literature:

“Patriotic education of preschool children” N.V. Aleshina UC Perspective. Moscow 2008
“Patriotic education of children 4–6 years old.” N.G. Komratova, L.F. Gribova. Creative center. Moscow 2007
“Modern approaches to patriotic education of preschool children” Preschool pedagogy. (February 2009).
Magazine "Child in kindergarten".
Magazine "Preschool Pedagogy".

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

Organization of work on moral and patriotic education in the preschool educational system

Mukhametzhanova Olga Vladimirovna MBDOU "Krepysh" teacher Noyabrsk, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The problem of educating a patriotic citizen is as old as the world. It stood before humanity when the first state arose and has not lost its significance to this day. The state program “Patriotic Education of Citizens of the Russian Federation” gives the following definition of patriotic education: this is the systematic and purposeful activity of government bodies and organizations to develop in citizens a high patriotic consciousness, a sense of loyalty to their fatherland, readiness to fulfill civic duty and constitutional duties to protect the interests of the Motherland .

Currently, the urgent problem of introducing the younger generation to the culture and history of their people is discussed at various levels and is reflected in a number of normative documents:

Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” dated December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ;

Thus, according to the National Doctrine of Education in the Russian Federation, approved. By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 04.10.2000 No. 751, the education system is designed to provide:

historical continuity of generations, preservation, dissemination and development of national culture, fostering a careful attitude towards the historical and cultural heritage of the peoples of Russia;
education of patriots of Russia, citizens of a legal, democratic state, capable of socialization in a civil society, respecting the rights and freedoms of the individual, possessing high morality and showing national and religious tolerance, respect for the languages, traditions and culture of other peoples.

Among the objectives of the National Strategy of Action for Children for 2012-2017, approved. by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated June 1, 2012 No. 761, there is also this: the formation of a new public-state system for raising children, ensuring their socialization, a high level of citizenship, patriotism, tolerance, and law-abiding behavior.

“Strategy for the development of education in the Russian Federation until 2025” , approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 29, 2015 N 996-r identifies, among others, the following priorities of state policy in the field of education:

formation in children of a high level of spiritual and moral development, a sense of involvement in the historical and cultural community of the Russian people and the fate of Russia
formation of respect for the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, which is the basis of the civil identity of Russians and the main factor of national self-determination

In modern conditions, awakening children's interest in the historical and cultural heritage of Russia, civic and patriotic education are among the tasks of preschool education. Thus, according to the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (FSES DO, approved by Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated October 17, 2013 No. 1155, one of the educational areas “Cognitive Development” , in particular, involves the formation in children of primary ideas about their small homeland and Fatherland , sociocultural values of our people, about domestic traditions and holidays.

Thus, the moral and patriotic education of children is one of the main tasks of a preschool educational institution. Meanwhile, patriotism is a complex and high human feeling. Its content is so multifaceted that it is indefinable in a few words. This is love for family and friends and for the small homeland, and pride for one’s people. Patriotic feelings are formed in the process of life and existence of a person located within a specific sociocultural environment. From birth, people instinctively, naturally and imperceptibly get used to their environment, the nature and culture of their country, the way of life of their people. Naturally developing feelings of attachment to paternal values become the subject of comprehension in the process of targeted patriotic education, on their basis beliefs and willingness to act accordingly are formed.

The goal of patriotic education in preschool educational institutions is to educate a humane spiritual and moral personality, worthy future citizens of Russia, patriots of their Fatherland.

The objectives of the moral and patriotic education of preschool children are:

nurturing a child’s love and affection for his family, home, kindergarten, street, city
developing a caring attitude towards nature and all living things
instilling respect for work
development of interest in Russian traditions and crafts
formation of basic knowledge about human rights
expanding ideas about Russian cities
introducing children to the symbols of the state (coat of arms, flag, anthem)
developing a sense of responsibility and pride for the country's achievements
the formation of tolerance, a sense of respect for representatives of other nationalities, peers, parents, neighbors, and other people.
formation of self-esteem as a representative of one’s people.

These tasks are solved in all types of children's activities: in classes, in games, in work, in everyday life, as they instill in the child not only patriotic feelings, but also form his relationships with adults and peers.

It can be said without exaggeration that civic and patriotic education is one of the most difficult areas in preschool education for a number of reasons, including:

features of preschool age
multidimensionality of the concept of “patriotism” in the modern world
lack of concept, theoretical and methodological developments (a characteristic feature of many studies is to address only certain aspects of the problem).

To date, none of the preschool education programs makes it possible to fully solve the problems of moral and patriotic education of preschoolers. Teachers have to independently collect and systematize the material. It becomes obvious that there is a need to create new models for organizing work on the moral and patriotic education of children, and to search for innovative approaches and technologies.

Pedagogical conditions:

heuristic environment in kindergarten and in the family;
close cooperation between kindergarten teachers and family members;
preparedness of teachers and parents to solve problems of instilling patriotism in children.

Let us dwell on the means of implementing the tasks of NIP in preschool educational institutions; these include:

Creation of favorable material, technical, educational and methodological conditions
Close contact on this issue with the family, relying on its traditions and experience.
Consistent orientation towards cultural conformity of education, designed to ensure the formation of a person’s spiritual world;
Updating the content of education, selecting the most interesting and accessible material based on the experience and feelings of children;

The system of work on civic and patriotic education in preschool educational institutions is built consistently, starting from a young age with gradual complication in accordance with the experience of children, taking into account the principle of developmental education.

The first feelings of patriotism. Are they accessible to children? Based on experience in this area, we can give an affirmative answer. Research in the field of preschool pedagogy and psychology indicates that it is in preschool age that the basic foundations of personality are laid, the process of formation and formation of sociocultural experience begins, and is “formed . And here one cannot help but recall the words of L.N. Tolstoy, who argued that “Love for the Motherland is not an abstract concept, but a real spiritual force that requires organization, development and culture”

Contents of patriotic education in kindergarten.

In order for a preschool institution to help foster patriotic feelings, the life of the children there must be rich, interesting, so that it is remembered for a long time, and becomes a system of joyful childhood memories.

It is very important that the child loves his kindergarten. This happens when educators treat each child with respect, know their best traits and promote their development through games, holidays, interesting activities, etc.

For this purpose, the teacher organizes excursions around the kindergarten and introduces preschoolers to the staff.

Children should also know on which street their kindergarten is located, how and why it is called that, and that it is located next to the kindergarten. Knowledge enriches children's senses and gives them confidence and meaning.

Feelings and relationships become stronger if children invest their work in the kindergarten (participate in landscaping the area, decorating the premises for the holidays).

The yard, the street on which the child lives can also help strengthen friendship and a sense of ownership (my yard, my street). Here, it is of paramount importance for parents to form such feelings in their children.

At the same time, this also raises the question of the need to provide children with information about their street: its name, what is located on it, what kind of transport there is, how this street is connected to the territory where the kindergarten is located (can you walk or have to drive).

It would be good if parents or teachers take photographs of their children on the street, or make a video of a walk, and then watch a film in a group and talk about this street.

The next stage is to cultivate love and friendship for your hometown. This part of the work requires relying more on the cognitive sphere, on the child’s imagination and memory.

For a child, the city is concretized by the street, the fact that he is aware, first of all, of himself as a resident of his street. In order for children to “feel” their city, they need to be told about it and shown it. Children travel around the city with their parents. Sometimes an excursion also needs to be organized for the kindergarten.

Children of senior preschool age can and should know the name of their city, its main streets, attractions, museums, theaters, etc. We will reveal more about work in this direction below. Developing an attitude towards one's country is based on a cognitive component: children are given information that they should and can learn. The peculiarity is that knowledge should be emotional and encourage the child to be active.

We reinforce the name of the country with children in games ( “Who can name the most countries” , “Which country are the guests from” , “Whose fairy tale is this” , “Which country is this toy from” ), in exercises like “From different names of countries, identify our country” , “Let's look for our country on a map, globe” , “How to write an address on an envelope” and others.

Children should know the name of the capital of our Motherland and its attractions.

Examination of illustrations, slides, videos, works of art, stories from adults, photographs, excursions, drawing, travel games - all this helps to solve the problem. Children are introduced to the symbols of the country, they are told that each country has its own flag, coat of arms, and anthem. They tell where and when they can see them.

When getting acquainted with the nature of the native country, the emphasis is on beauty, wealth, and its characteristics. Children should get an idea of what animals live in our forests and what trees grow.

The main goal of these activities is to awaken in children's hearts a love for their native country with its rich and diverse nature. To implement it, it is necessary to use observation, excursions, simple experiments, work on sites, conversations based on paintings, reading and dramatization of works of fiction, walks along the “ecological trail” , relaxation “in a cheerful meadow” with interesting games. Preschoolers are happy to get involved in environmental activities.

The means of patriotic education is art: music, works of art, fine arts, folk arts and crafts. It is necessary that works of art used in working with children be highly artistic.

An important area of work to foster love for the Motherland is the formation in children of ideas about the people of their native country. First of all, it is necessary to remember those people who glorified our country - artists, composers, writers, inventors, scientists, philosophers, doctors (the choice depends on the teacher). It is necessary, using specific examples, through specific people, to introduce children to the “character” of the Russian people (creativity, skill, melodiousness, hospitality, goodwill, responsiveness, the ability to defend their homeland). The teacher tries to introduce preschoolers to people who have certain qualities or skills, and to involve children in their activities.

People say: a good example is better than a hundred words. To implement this wise pedagogical technique in life, it is necessary to organize meetings for preschoolers with interesting people and representatives of various professions. During such meetings, children see that the ordinary people around them write good poetry, bake delicious bread, operate complex mechanisms, compete for awards in sports competitions, etc.

Of great importance for educating a conscientious citizen is instilling a respectful attitude towards war heroes, veterans, in memory of those who died defending the fatherland; respect for soldiers - defenders of the Motherland. Children with sincere gratitude go together with their parents and teachers to the obelisk of Glory and lay flowers. Conversations, meetings with veterans, excursions, the use of songs, poems, and visual material have a great influence. It’s good when, after each event, children pick up pencils and paints and reproduce their impressions in visual arts.

It is advisable to invite children to ask and talk about the interesting work of their parents, and then hold a competition for the best story. To strengthen the memory of the family, it is of great importance to instill (in both adults and children) respect for the burials of ancestors.

Relations developing between subjects of the educational system

An important condition for successful pedagogical activity in instilling citizenship and patriotism in preschool children is interaction with the students’ parents. Touching “living” documents of family history awakens the child’s thoughts, evokes emotions, makes them empathize, and be attentive to the memory of the past, their historical roots, and the preservation of family ties.

According to A. S. Makarenko, it is in the family and under the guidance of parents that a future citizen grows. Everything that happens in the country must come to children through the soul and thought of teachers. Our preschool teachers adhere to these recommendations when working with preschoolers and interacting with their parents.

Currently, such work is relevant and especially difficult, requiring great tact and patience, since in modern families the issues of education of citizenship and patriotism are not considered important and often only cause bewilderment.

The basis for interaction with parents in our preschool educational institution is a structural and functional model, which consists of three blocks:

I – information and analytical block. Review and analysis of information about parents and children, study of families, their person-oriented communication based on a common cause. It includes:

a) study of literature (psychological-pedagogical, popular science, legal);

b) studying the level of readiness of teachers to interact with families and children;

c) studying the level of readiness of parents, their attitude to this problem;

d) study of the subject-developmental environment of groups, preschool institutions.

c) determination of work methods, work planning, deadlines;

c) preparation of necessary materials

d) making changes to the work programs of educators.

II – practical block. Solving specific problems related to the patriotic education of children.

III – control – evaluation. Analysis of the effectiveness of events: repeated surveys, participation of parents in kindergarten events, patriotic competitions. a) analysis of questionnaires;

b) collecting feedback;

c) analysis of the work of teachers;

d) presentation of projects.

Let us dwell in more detail on the second, practical block, which involves active forms of interaction with parents and children

Forms of cooperation with parents:

“Educational” cooperation (consultations, meetings, excursions, library “Educating a Citizen Together” ).
Cooperation in the framework of leisure activities, project activities, weekend excursions, work activities;

The following active forms of interaction with children and parents can be implemented in preschool educational institutions:

Targeted walks to Memory Square combined with a tour of the mini-museum of the kindergarten.
Excursion to Memory Square. The content of such excursions is: observations of ritual moments: laying flowers at the monument, a minute of silence, meeting with participants in the war;
Reading fiction appropriate to the age category of children - about defenders of their native land, the Fatherland, for example, reading works from the series “Grandfather’s Medals” .
Use of ICT technologies: showing video materials about the native land, about the heroism of the Russian people, about the Great Patriotic War, about famous battles and battles ( "Kursk Bulge" , "Battle of Stalingrad" ).
Examination of illustrations, paintings, various reproductions containing necessary historical facts and events from the surrounding life.
Meetings with veterans, participation in holidays: “City Day” , “Mother’s Day” , “Daddy’s Day” , “Victory Day” , etc.
Preparation of thematic exhibitions dedicated to memorable dates, making souvenirs for war veterans, involving the active participation of parents in their preparation and organization: creating collages, gifts, albums, etc.
Conducting competitions for family projects: “My Motherland is the place where I was born” , “Coat of Arms of my family” , “Heroes of my family” , “My pedigree” , etc.
“Weekend routes” with the involvement of parents, who are offered a route with a detailed description of the site being visited and recommendations for easily acquainting the child with the monument.
Drawing up recommendations for parents on visiting the children's library with their children, with a list of recommendations. works of moral and patriotic themes, questions on content.
Organizing an exhibition of children's works on military-patriotic themes.
Involving the parent community in providing all possible assistance in creating a mini-museum of a preschool educational institution
General parent meeting dedicated to the influence of family and social factors on the formation of moral and patriotic feelings of preschoolers.

In solving the search for effective methods of interaction between subjects of the educational process in a preschool educational institution, it is advisable to use the project method. This method will allow combining the interests of all subjects, organizing the process of raising and educating children step by step and consistently: from identifying their experience to joint planning and implementation of what is planned. Thus, the parent has the opportunity to actively participate in the process of patriotic education of his child and the group as a whole, and the child’s activities are organized in accordance with his interests, desires and needs.

Organization of teacher activities

Traditional: seminars, workshops, creative groups, exchange of experience, pedagogical advice, training, business game, etc.
Innovative: project activities, master classes, creation of a bank of innovative ideas, participation in creative competitions, publishing activities.

Speaking about the education of citizenship and patriotism in preschool educational institutions, we must first of all take care that the little person becomes a man with a capital “H”, so that he can distinguish bad from good, and his aspirations and desires are aimed at creation, self-determination and development in himself those qualities and values thanks to which we can firmly say about him that he is a patriot and a citizen of his Motherland: hardworking, merciful, active, independent, emotionally responsive, loving loved ones, his Motherland, his people, honoring its traditions and culture

Bibliography

National doctrine of education in the Russian Federation, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 04.10.2000 No. 751.
Vetokhina A.Ya. Moral and partisan education of preschool children /A. Y. Vetokhina - St. Petersburg: Detstvo-Press, 2015. - 192 p.
Dronova T.N. Together with the family: a guide on the interaction of a preschool educational institution and parents / T. N. Doronova, G. V. Glushkova, T. I. Grizik, etc. - M.: Prosveshchenie, 2005. - 190 p.

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