Conversation about the forest in the preparatory group

Summary of a conversation about the forest for children 5-7 years old “A Journey through the Rooms of a Green House”
Author: Alevtina Germanovna Korobkina, teacher of the preschool educational institution “Smile” kindergarten, Perm region, urban settlement Suksun. Description: This material can be used by educators, counselors and primary school teachers, as well as parents in environmental education. Goal: to continue to form an understanding of the forest and the forester profession. Objectives: Educational.
Contribute to: clarifying and systematizing ideas about the forest and the forester profession;
strengthening cognitive interest and love for nature; aesthetic perception of the beauty of nature, through reproductions of paintings; Developmental.
Promote: the development of coherent speech, the ability to maintain a conversation, answer questions with complete answers;
developing respect for the work activity of a person in the forester profession; development of thinking, attention, memory. Educational.
Promote: nurturing love and respect for nature.
Material: reproductions of paintings by artists: Shishkin “In the Forest of Countess Mordvinova”, Shishkin “Ship Grove”, Levitan “Birch Grove” Illustrations on the topic phonogram “Sounds of the Forest” basket of hazelnuts Preliminary work: reading natural history literature to children, looking at reproductions of paintings by artists about nature , reading and memorizing poems on an environmental theme, excursions to the park, pine forest. Organization: children stand in a circle, holding hands. Round dance game “Let's go through the raspberries into the forest” 1. Let's go through the raspberries into the forest, let's go into the forest into the forest (children walk in a circle). Let's start a dance, let's start, let's start (one by one they put their legs out) Chorus: The sun is in the yard (hands are raised up, fingers are open - “sun”) And in the forest there is a path (palms folded together perform wave-like movements in front of you) My sweet you, raspberry ( sliding movements of the palms - the “Skeet” movement) 2. You, raspberry, not in the mouth, not in the mouth, not in the mouth (pinch grip of three fingers of the leading hand, move towards the mouth) Pour into the box, box, box. (a pinch grip of three fingers of the leading hand imitates picking berries into a basket, in front of the chest. Chorus: the movements are the same 3. Like picking, picking, picking raspberries. (a pinch grip of three fingers of the leading hand imitates picking berries from the ground - with the body tilted) We will bake pies, let's bake, let's bake ("pies" movement). Chorus: the movements are the same. 4. We'll bake, bake, bake pies. ("pies" movement). We'll call all the neighbors, we'll call, we'll call (movement of the hands, palms facing the face - “invitation”) Chorus: the movements are the same.

PROGRESS OF THE CONVERSATION.
Educator: What are we up to today? Children: will go on a journey through different rooms. Educator: which rooms can you travel through? Children's answers Educator: the riddle that the poet Jovan Jovanovic came up with will help us - Zmaj, listen carefully! I want to invite us to one beautiful village. He was quite lucky, who was able to visit the din. There, every house and every yard is covered with a green roof, a carpet woven with flowers lies on the street. There are no fences or doors. The windows are open to the garden. Guests will be greeted there with songs and treated to great pleasure. Those who were lucky enough to be there saw miracles! And the unusual village is called... Children: Green Forest Teacher: how did you guess that the riddle is about a forest? The children are talking. Educator: Yes, our journey to the big green house and through its rooms.

Educator: remember what riddle Dunno told us this morning? Zhenya came first today and can repeat, let’s all listen carefully to Zhenya. Zhenya: “a multi-storey building that was not built by a person. With invisible walls and an invisible ceiling. This house has very different apartments. The upper floors are bright and dry. The lower floors are dark and damp. The house has warm apartments in which you can live all year round. There are cold apartments in which you can only live in summer or spring.” Author of the riddle: Ivanova Valentina Tarasovna Educator: why can you call a forest home?! Children: home, because plants and animals cannot live without each other. Educator: Do you know such residents who cannot live without each other in the forest? Children: express and prove their versions, lay out pictures of forest inhabitants connected to each other.

Educator: what are these invisible walls in this house that was not built by man? Children: you can walk through the forest and see different things, there are no walls, but still different. Educator: yes, the forest is very different! The pine trees rustle with dry lingonberry leaves.

Educator: where were we?

Children: In a pine forest. Educator: a pine forest is also called BOR. Let's go further and see an emerald carpet of blueberries.

Now which forest did you enter?

Children: to the coniferous forest. Educator: The coniferous forest is also called BOR. We moved to another room. Did you see the wall? Children: no, we moved from a pine forest to a spruce forest. Educator: yes, different rooms, different forests. Let's move on. The thicket of bushes is impassable. What is that growing there?

Children: raspberries Teacher: let's go further through the forest. We reached the swamp.

The forest has become sparse. We passed the swamp. And suddenly it became light all around. What forest pleases with light and whiteness?

ISAAC ILYICH LEVITAN “BIRCH GROVE” Children: birch forest Teacher: can you name the residents? Children name the forest inhabitants . Teacher: what kind of forest does the brown BEAR like? Children: where there are a lot of berries and a river. Educator: the bear is a predator, but if you eat plant foods, you can do without meat. He’ll catch a fish in the river, that’s enough for him. Because what is it called? Children: omnivore. Educator: well, where does the FOX like to live?

Children: in a hole, digs a hole among the roots. Educator: what are these invisible ceilings, why does the riddle say so?

Educator: what is the first floor? Children: roots underground, mice live, moles. Educator: who lives higher? Children: cuckoos live in the bushes and make nests. And the woodpecker is hollowing out the hollow even higher. A squirrel can make a hollow even higher than a woodpecker. Birds that like to be closer to the sky go higher. Educator: yes, falcon families. Which apartments are dry and bright? Children: those in the trees, squirrels and birds. Educator: Which ones are busy all year round? Children: in the summer, because many birds fly to warm countries for the winter. Educator: who has dark apartments? Bears, foxes, badgers, hedgehogs have children Educator: who guards the forest? Children: forester. Educator: forester, forester, forester. She comes from ancient professions; forests have been protected in Rus' for a long time. More than 150 years ago, a forestry institute was opened in St. Petersburg. Now it is the Forestry Academy, University or Institute

Here in the Urals, the Forestry Engineering University trains foresters who grow forests in all corners of Russia. So, why did people come up with the profession of forest rangers if the forest grows on its own without humans? We will find out if we go to the forestry university and become students of this university

CHILDREN SIT ON CHAIRS, IMITATING A UNIVERSITY AUDIENCE. Educator: Why does a forester guard the forest, and here’s why. What if there's a forest fire? What if a bad man comes with an ax? What if a harmful caterpillar or bug appears? So goodbye forest! And to prevent this from happening at the cordon, the forester goes around. He walks around the forest and is the first to see if a bark beetle appears.

The bark beetle is small, but can eat a large forest. There are so many beetles that they sit on every tree, they sit on every twig, gnawing and sharpening. You can't remove them with your hands. And then the forester calls for help. A plane will fly in and scatter yellow poisonous powder. The bark beetle runs in, but there is no escape, no escape. Educator: So why create a cordon? Children's answers Teacher: if you cut down a forest, then only old trees, and don't touch young trees, then there will be no harm. So they SWEEP the forest, they whip it - that means they are cutting down big old trees. The timber is transported by trucks - timber trucks.

Timber trucks transport long trees with chopped off branches - they are called WHIP. They cut down trees with saws.

When the whips are removed, in the large clearing where very old trees used to grow, only stumps remain. Educator: So, what trees do lumberjacks cut in the forest? Children's answers Teacher: so, how then is the forest restored? Who is planting it? Children: probably the forester? Educator: to confidently answer my question, listen further. And at the cordon - a forest post - near the forester's hut - there are beds! But it’s not tomatoes or cucumbers that grow in the beds. MIRACLE

small, fluffy Christmas trees are growing! When it’s hot, they are watered, and the soil around them is also loosened with a rake. Everything is like in a garden. The soil of the Christmas trees in the beds is black. And the pines have sand. Who loves what! In the spring of this forest nursery, seedlings - very young pines and fir trees - will be brought to the cutting site. Here they will be planted and a new forest will grow.

Educator: Why will the seedlings be brought to the cutting area? Children: because old trees were cut down there. Educator: And in seventy years he will become an adult. Fast or long? Here you are 6, and now you are 7 years old. On the Christmas tree, its age can be easily counted by the rows of paws, as if by steps. Or you can recognize it by the rings on the trunk of a cut tree.

So the most amazing thing is that one person will plant it, and people of another generation will use this tree; probably, it will be possible to say about them that these are the children of your future grandchildren or even great-grandchildren?! The tree grows very slowly. So who knows the GROWTH of the forest?! Children: FORESTRY. Educator : our journey is coming to an end, let's remember the poem by the poet Alexei Koltsov “The Forester's House.” To the soundtrack “Sounds of the Forest,” children recite the poem line by line. In a dark forest, across the river, there is a small house, With two bright windows, With swing gates. That gate is under the castle, And the gate is locked, So that the horned Leshy, terrible and shaggy, does not enter there; So that a ghoul does not enter there, nor a passing hero, who lives here alone, far from housing around? Is the fisherman not rich? Or is there a bearded robber who is saved by prayer with chests and treasury? He has lived in the house for a long time - The forest elder and his wife are on guard in the royal forest. The third daughter is young. Conclusion. Educator: we have returned from a trip through the forest rooms. What did you like best about the trip? Children's answer Teacher: what new did you learn? Children's answer Teacher: the forester handed you a treat, what do you think it could be? Children's answer Teacher: a basket of hazelnuts. Educator: is the forester alone protecting the forest? Children name people of different professions who help the forester. Thank you for your attention!

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How many forests are there on our planet?

Currently, forests occupy about a third of the land area.

The total forest area on Earth is 38 million km². Half of this forest zone belongs to tropical forests, the fourth part is located in the northern hemisphere. The forest area in Russia is 8.8 million km². Russia has almost 25% of the world's timber reserves and 50% of the world's valuable coniferous forests.

The forests of our planet are very different. First of all, they are divided into three main geographical forest zones - the equatorial forest zone, which grows along the equator, the subtropical and tropical forest zone, and the temperate forest zone. And there are also main types of forests. There are also three of them - coniferous, deciduous, mixed. In turn, deciduous forests are divided into deciduous and evergreen, i.e. non-deciduous. Evergreen forests are the healthiest and most productive: they produce 80% of the oxygen on Earth.

In Russia, forests are not the same both in different climatic zones and on different soils, in areas with different microclimates and water regimes. You can find a dark, cold spruce forest, a light larch forest, and a mighty oak forest, or you can find yourself in a honey-bearing linden forest, and in a nut-bearing pine forest, or in a copper-golden pine forest, where boletus grows best.

All forests on Earth work like green factories: on bright, sunny days they store solar energy for future use, without which life on the planet would be impossible. The main product of a green forest is wood.

Causes and consequences of forest loss

The reasons for the reduction are different. First of all, these are fires.

One of the reasons for the increase in forest fires is the sharp increase in the number of people traveling to the forest for recreation. Incidents of fires in the forest are the result of careless and inept handling of fire. Fires can also occur from spontaneous combustion of peat, sometimes from lightning. World statistics show that about 72% of all forest fires are caused by people. Hence, fighting forest fires remains one of the most important government tasks.

Also one of the reasons for forest loss is deforestation. Deforestation began at the dawn of human society and increased as it developed. Over the past 10 thousand years, 2/3 of the forests on Earth have disappeared. Therefore they say: “man is preceded by forests, deserts accompany him.” Over historical time, about 500 million hectares have turned from forests into barren deserts. Forests are being destroyed so quickly that the area of deforestation significantly exceeds the area of tree planting.

Forests are being cut down and shrinking at a rate of about 26 hectares per minute, and it is feared they will disappear within 25 years. Deforested areas are not restored; in their place, unproductive shrub formations are formed, and with severe soil erosion, desertification occurs. Due to deforestation, the water flow of rivers is reduced, lakes dry up, groundwater levels drop, soil erosion increases, the climate becomes more arid and continental, and droughts and dust storms often occur.

The next problem is forest pollution. Forests often visited by tourists are thoroughly littered with cans, bottles, rags, paper, etc.

The area of forests destroyed by industrial emissions is increasing.

Poaching always deals devastating blows to Russia's wildlife, which contributes to the extinction of many species of wild animals.

Forest protection and restoration measures

The main task of forest protection is their rational use and restoration.
It is important to increase forest productivity and protect them from fires and pests. With proper forestry management, felling in certain areas should be repeated after 80 - 100 years, when the forest reaches full maturity.

Another important measure for forest conservation is the fight against timber loss. The greatest losses occur during timber harvesting. At the felling sites, many branches and pine needles remain, which can be used to prepare pine flour and obtain essential oils. Factories for the production of furniture from fibreboards are being built near woodworking industry enterprises.

To prevent littering of forest parks with household waste, containers are installed to collect it, and littered forests are cleaned.

The most important condition for preserving natural resources is timely reforestation. Only a third of the forests cut down in Russia annually are restored naturally; the rest require special measures for their renewal.

Forests must exist in order for man himself to exist, for the sake of preserving the great wealth of the animal and plant kingdom for future generations of our Planet. Therefore, we need forest reservations, nature reserves, national parks, and resort forest areas protected by law.

What needs to be done to restore forests?

Improve public recreation areas
Do not litter
Plant flowers and trees
Create fire pits
Install waste bins and signage signs
Fence existing anthills
Informing the population
Draw fire safety leaflets, make stands

Lesson summary of the conversation on the topic “Forest - multi-storey building” in the preparatory group