In preschool educational institutions, special attention must be paid to fire safety, teaching children the rules of behavior in case of fire, and fire protection of premises.
This section , fire safety in a preschool educational institution, reveals the requirements for the administration and employees in terms of fire safety in 2021 and defines the rules for the safe operation of the kindergarten.
Fire safety in kindergartens is systematically under the control of the administration; teaching staff are required to conduct briefings and conversations with students on fire safety rules for children in preschool educational institutions.
In this section you can download new instructions on fire safety in preschool educational institutions (2021), developed in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 16, 2021 No. 1479 “On approval of fire safety rules in the Russian Federation”, which came into force on January 1, 2021 of the year; instructions and magazines on fire safety, as well as orders, acts and protocols on fire safety in kindergartens.
The goal of each developed fire safety instruction in a kindergarten is to prevent a fire hazard, to prevent a fire in a preschool educational institution, at home and on the street, to preserve the health and lives of children.
Regulatory legal acts regulating fire safety requirements in preschool educational institutions
Fire safety requirements in preschool educational institutions can be divided into two parts, which relate to organizational actions and to the design requirements for buildings, structures, etc. Let us highlight the main ones, which most widely regulate fire safety requirements for preschool educational institutions:
- Federal Law “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” dated July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ;
- Federal Law “On Fire Safety” dated December 21, 1994 N 69-FZ;
- Fire regulations in the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 16, 2020 No. 1479 (hereinafter referred to as the PPR);
- Fire safety standards “Training in fire safety measures for employees of organizations” (order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of December 12, 2007 No. 645);
- Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated 09/05/2021 No. 596 “On approval of standard additional professional programs in the field of fire safety” (comes into force from 03/01/2022);
- SP 1.13130.2020 Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits;
- SP 4.13130.2013 Fire protection systems. Limiting the spread of fire at protection facilities. Requirements for space-planning and design solutions.
All these regulations, to one degree or another, establish fire safety requirements for preschool educational institutions. In the following, we will provide links to the requirements used in the text.
General requirements
Requirements for fire safety in preschool institutions are enshrined in the rules PPB-101-89. These rules regulate the conditions of maintenance not only of the building, but also of the surrounding area. After the introduction of Resolution No. 390, these rules became advisory in nature. New fire regulations have significantly reduced the requirements for firefighting activities. But most inspections carried out in kindergartens are focused specifically on PPB-101-89.
Every year the commission inspects preschool institutions for compliance with fire safety standards. The commission must include a representative of the fire department. Fire safety in kindergarten consists of a diverse set of measures and requirements.
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Conducting briefings, training, maintaining documentation
Newly hired persons must undergo induction training on fire safety measures, initial at the workplace, repeated once every six months, unscheduled in case of a long absence from the workplace or violation of fire safety rules (changes in legislation). Responsibility for conducting fire safety briefings is established by the head of the preschool educational institution from the list of trained persons in fire safety measures.
Based on clause 4, clause 6, clause 14, clause 18, clause 32, clause 36, clause 37, clause 39, clause 40, clause 41 of the Fire Safety Standards “Training in fire safety measures for employees organizations" (order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations dated December 12, 2007 N 645), it is necessary to develop administrative documents regulating the procedure for training employees in fire safety measures (the procedure and timing of fire safety briefings and passing the fire technical minimum (hereinafter referred to as PTM), including:
- the procedure for conducting fire safety training;
- identification of officials to be trained according to the fire technical minimum (FTM), both outside the workplace to ensure fire safety, and directly in the organization;
- conducting a PTM knowledge test;
- creation of a qualification commission to test the knowledge of fire safety requirements of managers, specialists and employees of the organization;
- availability of approved introductory and primary fire safety training programs.
The head of the preschool educational institution must determine by order (instruction) the responsible person who will carry out the work on fire safety, as well as the persons responsible for the fire safety situation at the preschool educational institution facilities (clause 4 of the PPR). As a rule, all responsible persons are subject to training under the fire-technical minimum program at a training center licensed to conduct this type of training.
The preschool educational institution has the right to create its own commission to organize training on the fire-technical minimum from among persons trained at the training center. To do this, you will need to issue an order on the timing of this training, develop a training program, upon completion of the training, accept tests from preschool employees and draw up a statement with the results of the accepted test. As a rule, certification at a training center must be completed once every three years, and tests must be taken from employees annually, as well as within a month after the employee is hired.
Development of fire safety instructions
After completing the training, responsible persons must develop instructions on fire safety measures:
- when evacuating people (study groups) in case of fire;
- according to the procedure for security personnel upon receiving fire signals through the automatic fire alarm system (clause 56 of the PPR);
- for administrative, household, warehouse and other premises.
Instructions on fire safety measures are developed on the basis of fire safety rules and regulations on fire safety, based on the specific fire hazard of buildings, structures, premises, technological processes, technological and production equipment (clause 2; 392 PPR).
Sample Instructions on the procedure to follow when receiving a fire signal
Instructions for fire safety measures in accordance with clause 394 of the PPR must contain information about the persons responsible for ensuring fire safety, including for:
- reporting a fire to the fire department and notifying (informing) the management, duty and emergency services of the protection facility;
- organizing the rescue of people using available forces and technical means;
- checking the activation of automatic fire protection systems (fire warning systems, fire extinguishing systems, smoke protection systems);
- turning off electricity if necessary (except for fire protection systems), stopping the operation of transporting devices, units, devices using open flames, as well as heat-generating units, devices and devices using flammable coolants and (or) with a temperature on their outer surface that can exceed (including in case of malfunction of the heat-generating apparatus) 90 degrees Celsius;
- blocking raw materials, gas, steam and water communications, stopping the operation of ventilation systems in emergency rooms and adjacent rooms, as well as taking other measures to help prevent the development of fire and smoke in the premises of a building or structure;
- cessation of all work in a building or structure (if this is permissible according to the production process), except for work related to fire extinguishing measures;
- removal of all workers not involved in fire extinguishing outside the danger zone;
- implementation of general management of fire extinguishing (taking into account the specific features of the protected object) until the arrival of the fire department;
- ensuring compliance with safety requirements by workers taking part in fire extinguishing;
- organizing, simultaneously with fire extinguishing, evacuation and protection of material assets;
- meeting fire departments and providing assistance in choosing the shortest route to the fire;
- notification to fire departments involved in extinguishing fires and carrying out related priority rescue operations, information necessary to ensure the safety of personnel about hazardous (explosive), explosive, and highly toxic substances being processed or stored at the protection facility;
- upon arrival of the fire department, informing the fire extinguishing manager about the design and technological features of the protection facility, adjacent buildings and structures, the quantity and fire hazard properties of substances, materials, products stored and used at the protection facility, and providing other information necessary for the successful extinguishing of the fire;
- organizing the involvement of forces and means of the protected object in the implementation of measures related to extinguishing the fire and preventing its development.
Also, instructions on fire safety measures must have a logical and precise procedure for actions in the event of a fire, when evacuating people, and have up-to-date telephone numbers for emergency services and the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations. The main thing to remember here is that in the event of a fire, an extra minute of hesitation in actions is fraught with the likelihood of an increase in casualties of persons and property.
Requirements for the building and premises
Inside the kindergarten building, fire safety rules establish a number of measures and requirements:
- junior groups should be located no higher than the 2nd floor;
- The maximum number of seats is calculated depending on the type of fire resistance of the building. It is permissible to accommodate up to 50 children in buildings with IV and V degrees of fire resistance. The number of seats over 50 can only be in buildings of fire resistance class III;
- the arrangement of furniture and equipment in the room should not impede access to emergency exits and fire extinguishing means. All exits must not be obstructed by any objects;
- It is mandatory to have signs and safety signs;
- serviceable door closers are required on corridor and vestibule doors;
- rugs, carpets, etc. must be securely fastened to the floor;
- The attic premises of the kindergarten are subject to special attention. In addition to the fact that storing objects in attics is unacceptable, floor insulation should be carried out with non-flammable types of insulation. Attic doors must be locked and marked with appropriate signs indicating the purpose of the room and where the key is stored. Dormer windows must be glazed and closed;
- windows in the building should not be covered with metal bars;
- kindergartens must be equipped with a fire warning system using sound signals;
- The use of irons is allowed only in a specially designated room. This room cannot be used for other purposes (including storing linen). The iron must be in good condition;
- premises must be provided with fire extinguishers;
- At the end of the working day, kindergarten employees are required to inspect the premises and turn off the power supply.
List of fire safety documents for preschool educational institutions
Here is a complete list of all fire safety documents that should be in every kindergarten and other preschool educational institutions.
Fire safety order
- About the fire mode
- On the appointment of a person responsible for fire safety
- On the implementation of local regulations on fire safety in an institution
- On the appointment of a person responsible for primary fire extinguishing means in an institution
- On the appointment of persons responsible for fire safety in the territories of the institution
- On the appointment of a person responsible for fire safety during festive events
- On conducting training on evacuation from an institution in case of emergency
- On the creation of a voluntary fire brigade in an institution
- On the appointment of a person responsible for fire safety during New Year's holiday events
- On the training of employees of the institution in fire-technical minimum
- On the creation of a fire-technical commission of the institution
- On the procedure for conducting fire safety briefings
- Conducting unscheduled fire safety training
Job responsibilities of responsible persons
- Job responsibilities of the head of the preschool educational institution for fire safety
- Job responsibilities of the person responsible for industrial safety
- Job responsibilities of members of the Voluntary Fire Brigade
Provisions
- Regulations on the voluntary fire brigade
- Regulations on the Fire Technical Commission Fire Safety Instructions
- Instructions on fire safety measures in administrative premises
- Instructions on fire safety measures in material warehouse premises
- Instructions on fire safety measures in food warehouses
- Instructions on fire safety measures in the kitchen of a preschool educational institution
- Instructions on fire safety measures in the territories and premises of the institution
- Instructions on fire safety measures when using electrical equipment
- Instructions on fire safety measures during the festive event “New Year Tree”
- Instructions on fire safety measures when carrying out temporary fire and other fire hazardous work
- Instructions on fire safety measures when carrying out painting, construction and installation work
- Instructions on fire safety measures for inspecting premises before closing them
- Instructions on fire safety measures during festive events
- Instructions on the procedure for personnel to ensure evacuation in the event of a fire
- Instructions on the procedure for the actions of duty personnel upon receipt of signals about a fire and malfunction of installations (devices, systems) of fire protection of the protected object
- Instructions on the procedure for joint actions of the administration and the fire department when extinguishing a fire
- Instructions on the procedure for placing and using primary fire extinguishing equipment
Briefings
- Introductory fire safety briefing
- Primary fire safety training in the workplace
- Repeated, unscheduled and targeted fire safety briefings
Magazines
- Fire safety briefing log
- Logbook of completed fire drills
- Log of operation of fire protection systems
- Journal of training sessions on PTM
- Operation log of fire protection systems (testing and recharging of fire extinguishers)
- Operation log of fire protection systems (technical condition of fire extinguishers)
Education and training programs
- Voluntary fire brigade training program
- Fire safety training program for managers and those responsible for fire safety + tickets
- Fire safety training program for employees of the institution + tickets
Corner (stand)
Fire safety prevention in kindergartens is carried out in different ways:
- Strict adherence to fire safety regulations to exclude any reason for the appearance/introduction of an open fire source into the premises of the kindergarten.
- Monitoring the condition of electrical fittings, lighting wiring, various electrical equipment installed in the kitchen and laundry room; in the switchboard room serving the preschool building.
- Training both the teaching and service staff of the institution in safety measures, correct actions to evacuate wards, methods of extinguishing fires at an early stage of development, and children in the basic norms of safe behavior in everyday life.
If information is conveyed to employees during a series of regular briefings regarding issues of effective security in children's educational institutions, including analysis of fires that have occurred at such protection facilities, then stands and corners have long been a good help for children in the process of their education. fire prevention propaganda.
Interesting situations depicting children drawn by professional artists invariably attract children and force them to ask questions about what is depicted on the posters placed at the PB stand.
This allows teachers, in a playful way, to give their students primary knowledge about ensuring fire safety in everyday life, explaining the actions of people that can lead to accidental fires, their health hazards; about how to behave in such situations so as not to suffer from fire or smoke.
The basic requirements and rules for designing a fire safety stand (corner) can be found by reading the article of the same name at the link.
Carrying out organizational activities
The administrative document must determine those responsible for recording and maintaining primary fire extinguishing equipment and the locations of fire extinguishers. Keeping a log of primary fire extinguishing equipment is enshrined in clause 4.5.4 (Table D2) SP 9.13130.2009 “Code of Rules. Fire equipment. Fire extinguishers. Requirements for operation."
The automatic fire alarm and warning system installed in the preschool premises must undergo monthly maintenance by a specialized organization. And according to clause 54 of the PPR, information about the work carried out with fire safety and fire extinguishing means is entered into the operation log of fire protection systems.
There should be a fire safety stand in publicly accessible places, on which instructions (leaflets) on fire safety, orders about responsible persons, and visual information about the possible consequences of a fire are posted.
The head of the preschool educational institution must develop evacuation plans for people in case of fire, which are placed in visible places, for protection facilities with large numbers of people (50 people or more) (clause 5 of the PPR). And at least once every six months, conduct practical training on the evacuation of persons in the building (clause 9 of the PPR).
Smoking is prohibited on the territory of preschool educational institutions; the manager ensures that fire safety signs “Smoking and the use of open fire are prohibited” are placed at the protection objects.
Water supply system
To ensure safety, the head of the preschool educational institution is obliged to ensure that the fire-fighting water supply is in good condition. For this purpose, inspections and maintenance of fire hydrants are periodically carried out. The results of the inspection are recorded in the act.
The same requirements apply to water reservoirs. In case of failure of pumps, water supply network or repair work, the head of the kindergarten is obliged to notify the fire department.
The design of fire-fighting water supply should be carried out taking into account the minimum water flow during a fire. The flow rate for buildings up to 2 floors high is 10 liters per second. Consumption for buildings with more than 2 floors is 15 liters per second.
Informing preschool students about fire safety
The educational process of students should include fire safety lessons, where information should be conveyed to children in an understandable form about the dangers of using matches for other purposes, starting an uncontrolled fire, the dangers of smoke, etc. Viewing drawings, comics, cartoons (videos) on fire safety topics - is only beneficial.
Together with representatives of local emergency services, it is necessary to conduct special training to practice actions when calling fire departments and other special services, evacuating children and preschool workers, and providing first aid. An important step will be the conduct of safety lessons by the Ministry of Emergency Situations workers, an explanation of the operation of fire equipment and fire extinguishing equipment. Children need to be clearly explained and their understanding checked what they will have to do if a fire occurs, what they can do and what they cannot do. The more coordinated the overall efforts are, the greater the likelihood of avoiding serious consequences.
Fire safety requirements in relation to preschool educational institutions
All preschool educational institutions belong to the category of extremely high risk and are subject to the most stringent fire safety measures, as well as periodic inspections of the state fire control system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia once every 2 years (plus before the preschool educational institution is ready for the school year).
Availability of fire alarm
According to Article 32 of the Federal Law-123, the buildings of preschool educational institutions belong to class F1.1 of functional fire hazard, which provides for the presence in the preschool educational institution of autonomous backup sources of power supply (Article 82 of Federal Law-123) and duplication of signals about the occurrence of a fire to the control panel of fire departments without the participation of workers object and (or) organization broadcasting this signal (Article 83 of Federal Law-123).
Material requirements
Also functional fire hazard class F1.1:
- involves the use of external insulation systems of fire hazard class K0 (Article 87 of Federal Law-123);
- prohibits the use of decorative and finishing materials and floor coverings with a higher fire hazard than class KM2 (Article 134);
- allows the finishing of walls and ceilings of halls for music and physical education classes in preschool educational organizations to be made of material of class KM0 and (or) KM1.
Checking fire hydrants (taps)
If there is a fire-fighting water supply on the territory of the preschool educational institution and there are fire hydrants and taps, then twice a year it is necessary to check for water loss (to ensure compliance with the working pressure) by an organization licensed to carry out such work.
When installed on a fire hydrant, the fire hose installation must be changed once a year and checked for damage.
More detailed and visual information on fire safety requirements in relation to the facilities of preschool educational institutions can be found in the table:
| No. | Necessary Requirement | Normative act |
| 1 | When operating a protected object, the head of the organization must ensure compliance with design decisions regarding the fire resistance limits of building structures and engineering equipment, check the condition of the fire retardant coating of building structures and engineering equipment in accordance with regulatory documents on fire safety, as well as technical documentation of the manufacturer of fire protection equipment and (or ) manufacturer of fire protection works. The specified documentation is stored at the protection facility. If there is no information in the technical documentation about the frequency of inspection, the inspection is carried out at least once a year. Based on the results of the inspection, an act (protocol) is drawn up for checking the condition of the fire retardant coating, indicating the location(s) where damage to the fire retardant coating is present, and a description of the nature of the damage (if any) and recommended timing for their elimination. The head of the organization ensures the elimination of damage to the fire retardant coating of building structures and engineering equipment of protection facilities | clause 13 of the PPR |
| 2 | Operation log of fire protection systems reflecting information at established intervals: - at least once every 5 years (with the preparation of a protocol) conducting operational tests of fire escapes, external open stairs intended for the evacuation of people from buildings and structures in case of fire, fences on roofs with the preparation of an appropriate test report and entering information into the operation log of fire protection systems protection (clause 17b); - checking (once a year) personal protective equipment for the respiratory organs and vision of a person from dangerous fire factors for the absence of mechanical damage and their integrity (clause 30); — checking fire-retarding devices (dampers, dampers, valves, etc.) in air ducts; devices for blocking ventilation systems with automatic fire alarm or fire extinguishing installations, automatic devices for shutting off general ventilation and air conditioning in case of fire (frequency - in accordance with technical documentation) (clause 42); — carrying out (once a year with the drawing up of a report) work on cleaning ventilation chambers, cyclones, filters and air ducts from flammable waste and deposits (clause 43); — on the serviceability, timely maintenance and repair of external fire-fighting water supply pipelines located on the territory of the organization, and internal fire-fighting water supply pipelines, organizing their inspections in terms of water loss (at least 2 times a year: in spring and autumn) (clause 48); — on the completeness of fire hydrants of the internal fire water supply with serviceable fire hoses, manual fire nozzles and fire shut-off valves, on the organization of re-rolling of fire hoses (at least once a year), as well as on the proper condition of water ring reels (clause 50); | PPR |
| — on the results of inspections of the operability of electrically driven valves (at least 2 times a year) of water metering devices installed on bypass lines, as well as working and standby fire pumping units (monthly) (clause 52); — on work carried out with fire safety and fire extinguishing means (taking into account the manufacturer’s instructions for technical means) (clause 54); — on taking into account the availability, frequency of inspection and timing of recharging fire extinguishers (clause 60); - on the performance of work on cleaning exhaust devices (cabinets, painting, drying chambers, etc.), apparatus and pipelines from fire hazardous deposits (in accordance with the Regulations, in this case: cleaning of these devices and communications located in production and warehouse premises is carried out in premises of categories A and B for explosion and fire hazard at least once a quarter, in premises of categories B1 - B4 for explosion and fire hazard at least once every six months, in premises of other categories for explosion and fire hazard at least 1 time per year (clause 124). | ||
| 3 | In the case of establishing fire safety requirements for building structures in terms of fire resistance limits, the class of structural fire hazard and the filling of openings in them, for the finishing of external surfaces of external walls and facade systems, the use of facing and decorative finishing materials for walls, ceilings and floor coverings of escape routes, as well as indoor premises at the protection site, documentation must be stored confirming the fire resistance limits, fire hazard class and fire hazard indicators of the building structures used, the filling of openings in them, products and materials. | clause 25 of the PPR |
| 4 | Availability of local regulations on the procedure and timing of work to clean ventilation chambers and air ducts from combustible waste | clause 43 PPR |
| 5 | Availability of reports issued based on the results of work carried out to clean ventilation chambers, cyclones, filters and air ducts from flammable waste and deposits | clause 43 PPR |
| 6 | Availability of an agreement with an organization that has the right to inspect the internal fire water supply system and test it for water loss (required if the organization does not have a specialist on staff who has the right to carry out such work) | clause 48 of the PPR |
| 7 | Availability of reports (protocols) for testing internal fire water supply systems for water loss, at least 2 times a year (spring and autumn) | clause 48 of the PPR |
| 8 | Availability of fire water supply diagrams and pump piping diagrams with information about the protected premises, type and number of sprinklers. Each valve and fire pump unit must have a sign with information about the premises being protected, the type and number of fire sprinklers. | clause 51 PPR |
| 9 | Availability of regulations for the maintenance of fire safety and fire extinguishing equipment, approved by the head of the organization. The maintenance schedule for fire protection systems is drawn up, among other things, taking into account the requirements of the technical documentation of the manufacturer of the technical equipment operating as part of the systems (information about the work performed is entered in the operation log of the fire protection systems) | clause 54 PPR |
| 10 | Availability of manufacturer's instructions for technical means operating as part of fire protection systems | clause 54 PPR |
| 11 | Availability of an agreement with an organization that has the right to install, maintain and repair fire safety and fire extinguishing equipment (required if the organization does not have a specialist on staff who has the right to carry out such work) | clause 54 PPR |
| 12 | Availability of an organizational and administrative document from the head of the organization on assigning to each motor pump and equipment adapted (converted) for extinguishing fires a mechanic (driver) who has been trained to work on the specified equipment. | clause 58 PPR |
| 13 | Availability of a logbook for checking the availability and condition of primary fire extinguishing equipment (including by department) | clause 4.5.4 (Table D2) SP 9.13130.2009 |
| 14 | Availability of a logbook for the operation of fire protection systems | clause 43 PPR |
The presence of small children places increased responsibility for their safety on the managers and staff of kindergartens (preschool educational institutions). This applies to all aspects of fire safety, including compliance with regulatory requirements for buildings, premises and equipment, technical fire protection equipment, escape routes, ventilation and heating systems, electrical installations, lightning protection and grounding devices, fire water supply systems, communications and warning equipment, primary means fire extinguishing, training personnel to act during a fire, conducting training for the evacuation of children in the event of a possible fire.
Note. In the text of the rules, the phrase “kindergarten” is replaced by a preschool educational institution (preschool educational institution).
1. General Provisions
1.1. These fire safety rules in preschool educational institutions were developed on the basis of Federal Law dated December 21, 1994 N 69-FZ “On Fire Safety”, Federal Law dated July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”, Fire Regulations in the Russian Federation (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 N 390) and other regulations in the field of fire safety.
1.2. In accordance with the Federal Law of December 21, 1994 N 69-FZ “On Fire Safety”, responsibility for ensuring fire safety lies with:
- in preschool educational institutions as a whole - their managers or their substitutes;
- in the structural divisions of the preschool educational institution (if any) - their heads or their substitutes, as well as other persons appointed by order of the head of the preschool educational institution;
- heads of engineering and technical services of preschool educational institutions within their competence;
- when work in a preschool educational institution is performed under a contract by contractors (subcontractors) - the heads of these organizations. In this case, control must be carried out by the official of the preschool educational institution responsible for fire safety.
1.3. Heads of preschool educational institutions are obliged to:
— ensure compliance with the requirements of legislative and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation in the field of fire safety;
— ensure timely implementation of fire-fighting measures proposed by state fire supervision authorities;
— by order, appoint persons responsible for the fire safety of the territory, buildings (structures), premises, structural units (if any), as well as for the serviceability and operation of technical fire protection equipment (TPF), ventilation and heating systems, electrical installations, lightning protection and grounding systems devices, fire-fighting water supply systems, communications, warning and primary fire extinguishing means;
— ensure maintenance and timely repair of the above systems and devices;
— establish a strict fire safety regime in the preschool educational institution, ensure its compliance by all preschool educational institution employees and visitors;
— create, in accordance with current regulations, a system for training fire safety requirements for preschool employees, and for them to undergo fire safety briefings, by approving by order the program of the fire technical minimum (hereinafter referred to as the PTM) and fire safety briefing, the procedure and timing for their completion;
— ensure the development and approval of a fire evacuation plan (hereinafter referred to as people evacuation plans), conduct quarterly practical training to practice it;
— organize the development of leaflets for employees, visitors and instructions on fire safety based on the fire hazard characteristics of individual premises and the activities of the structural divisions of the preschool educational institution;
— ensure compliance with fire safety requirements when holding any public events in preschool buildings;
— ensure round-the-clock duty of service personnel in preschool educational institutions with round-the-clock operation. Regularly (but at least once a month) check the quality of duty by employees, as well as their knowledge of their actions in the event of a fire;
— in accordance with current regulations, provide preschool educational institutions with the necessary fire extinguishing, communication and alarm equipment, fire safety signs;
— at least once a quarter, conduct inspections of the fire safety condition of the territory, buildings, structures, equipment and structural units (if any) with drawing up a report and take measures to eliminate identified deficiencies;
— by order of the preschool educational institution, determine the procedure for carrying out fire and construction and installation work;
— do not allow third-party organizations to carry out work without taking measures to ensure fire safety on the territory, in buildings and structures of the preschool educational institution;
— bring to justice persons guilty of violating the requirements of regulatory documents in the field of fire safety.
1.4. Persons responsible for the fire safety condition of the structural units of preschool educational institutions (if any) are obliged to:
— ensure compliance with fire safety regulations in structural units;
— know the potential fire hazard of the equipment, substances and materials used, ensure their operation, use and storage in accordance with regulatory requirements and instructions;
— develop and submit for approval to the head of the preschool educational institution instructions on fire safety measures and evacuation plans for people in case of fire (as a rule, together with the official responsible for fire safety in the preschool educational institution);
— organize training of workers in fire safety requirements at their site (in a structural unit);
— do not allow persons who have not undergone fire safety training to work;
— carry out daily monitoring of compliance by subordinate employees with fire safety requirements;
- know the rules for using existing fire safety equipment, fire fighting equipment, primary fire extinguishing equipment, communications equipment, ensure their serviceability and performance. Immediately report any detected violations of fire safety requirements and malfunctions of fire fighting equipment, fire fighting equipment, communications equipment, primary fire extinguishing equipment to the head of the preschool educational institution (structural unit) and take measures to eliminate them;
— do not allow hot work to be carried out without a work permit and compliance with regulatory fire safety requirements when carrying out hot work;
— at the end of the working day, ensure inspection and cleaning of workplaces and premises, shutdown of electricity, with the exception of emergency lighting and electrical installations, which, according to operating conditions, must operate around the clock;
- immediately inform the head of the preschool educational institution (structural unit) about the occurrence of emergency situations that could lead to an explosion, fire, or pose a threat to the life and health of people, and take the necessary measures to ensure the evacuation of people, stop equipment and prevent the occurrence of a fire;
- do not allow cluttering of fire-prevention gaps between buildings and structures (arrange vehicle parking in gaps, store any materials, inventory and equipment), evacuation routes, driveways, entrances to buildings, structures, fire-fighting water supply sources and fire escapes, approaches to the installation site fire rescue equipment, fire safety equipment, communications equipment, primary fire extinguishing equipment;
— monitor the serviceable condition of equipment, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lightning protection systems, grounding devices for protecting electric motors and other equipment, take measures to immediately eliminate existing faults.
1.5. Persons responsible for the electrical facilities of preschool educational institutions, in accordance with current regulations, are obliged to:[1]
— ensure the organization and timely conduct of preventive inspections and scheduled maintenance of electrical equipment, protection devices and electrical networks, as well as timely elimination of identified violations;
— monitor the correct selection and use of cables, wires, protection devices, motors, lamps and other electrical equipment;
— systematically monitor the condition of electrical equipment in order to prevent the occurrence of emergency operating conditions in them.
1.6. Each preschool educational institution employee is obliged to:
— know and comply with the requirements of the general instructions on fire safety measures for preschool educational institutions, including actions in the event of a fire, and instructions on fire safety measures in the workplace;
- be able to use the fire extinguishing means available at the preschool educational institution.
1.7. The responsible person on duty at a preschool educational institution with a 24-hour operating mode is obliged to:
— monitor the implementation of the fire safety regime in the preschool educational institution;
— periodically check the performance of duty by the personnel on duty and their compliance with the fire safety regime;
- know the number (according to the list) of people in the preschool educational institution, know their locations and report daily to the fire and rescue service information about the number of people in each building of the preschool educational institution;
- have at the workplace a set of keys for the doors of emergency exits and gates of automobile entrances to the territory, personal respiratory protection equipment and a hand-held electric torch;
— check the presence and condition of fire protection equipment, primary fire extinguishing equipment, communications equipment, emergency and emergency lighting, evacuation routes and emergency exits.
1.8. Each preschool educational institution must develop:
— general instructions on fire safety measures;
— instructions on fire safety in structural units (if any) and in individual premises;
— evacuation plans for children and staff;
— documentation for the operation of TSPPZ;
— instructions and other operational technical documents containing fire safety requirements in accordance with the specifics of the activities of the preschool educational institution.
1.9. The general instructions on fire safety measures are approved by the head of the preschool educational institution and must contain the requirements:
— to the maintenance of the territory, including roads and entrances to buildings and structures;
— to the maintenance of buildings, premises, structures and ensuring the safety of people in case of fire;
- to the fire safety regime and the responsibilities of all workers in the preschool educational institution to implement it;
— to the organization and permission to perform work by contracting (subcontracting) organizations in preschool educational institutions;
— to the maintenance of water sources, fire extinguishing means, fire alarms and communications, as well as the procedure for calling fire rescue units and other organizational issues;
— responsibility for the state of fire safety.
1.10. Instructions on fire safety measures in structural units are developed by the heads of these units (as a rule, together with the official responsible for fire safety in the preschool educational institution), approved by the head of the preschool educational institution and must contain:
— specific fire safety measures for technological and other processes, non-compliance with which may lead to a fire;
— fire safety measures during operation of equipment, during preparation for putting them into operation and after repair;
— the procedure and standards for storing fire hazardous substances and materials in the premises of a structural unit (laboratory, workshop, warehouse);
— mode of use of devices with open fire;
— the procedure for collecting, storing and removing flammable materials from the premises, maintaining household premises, storing sanitary and special clothing;
— the procedure for maintaining existing fire extinguishing equipment and the distribution of responsibilities for supervising their technical condition;
— actions of workers in the event of a fire, method of calling fire rescue units and members of the fire department;
— the procedure for stopping equipment, turning off ventilation, basic instructions for the use of fire extinguishing agents, the procedure for evacuating people and material assets, the procedure for inspecting premises before closing them.
1.11. Fire safety instructions and other operational technical documents developed in preschool educational institutions must be based on current rules, instructions and other regulations and are located in the relevant structural units.
1.12. The instructions must be periodically reviewed based on the fire safety status of the preschool educational institution and the relevant orders of higher authorities, when the manager changes, but at least once every 3 years.
1.13. Carrying out fire hazardous work in preschool educational institutions must be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of section XVI “Fire hazardous work” of the Fire Regulations, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 25, 2012 N 390.
1.14. Providing facilities with primary fire extinguishing means is carried out in accordance with Section XIX of the Fire Regulations (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 N 390) and other current regulations in this area.
2. Maintenance of the territory
2.1. The number and dimensions of entrances (exits) to the territory of the preschool educational institution must comply with the requirements of building codes and fire safety.
2.2. Preschool educational institutions must have proper fencing of the territory.
2.3. Keys to entrance gate locks must be stored in places specified by the general facility instructions on fire safety measures. When opening entrance gates by mechanization, they must have a device that allows manual opening.
2.4. The procedure for the entry of vehicles into the territory, parking areas, access and intra-facility regime is determined by the head of the preschool educational institution.
2.5. Before each entrance to the territory of the preschool educational institution, a diagram of the organization of traffic movement through its territory must be posted indicating the location of buildings, structures, outdoor installations, fire hydrants and reservoirs and the entrances to them. The circuit must be made of weather-resistant material.
2.6. When repairing and constructing road surfaces, it is not allowed to remove fire hydrant hatches or seal them with asphalt.
2.7. Entrances (exits) to the territory, driveways and approaches to buildings, structures and fire water sources, as well as approaches to firefighting equipment and equipment must always be free. It is prohibited to park motor vehicles in areas where fire hydrants and reservoirs are located.
2.8. The territory of the preschool educational institution must be cleared of dry grass and leaves, flammable debris and waste. Waste combustible materials, fallen leaves and dry grass must be regularly removed or burned in designated areas.
2.9. Making fires, burning waste and containers is not permitted within the limits established by the regulatory documents of fire breaks, but not closer than 50 m to buildings and structures. Burning of waste and containers in places specially designated for these purposes must be carried out under the supervision of operating personnel.
2.10. Storage of waste and combustible garbage before their removal or disposal should be carried out in metal boxes with tight-fitting lids, installed on special areas with asphalt or concrete pavement, located at a distance of at least 25 m from buildings and structures.
2.11. For preschool educational institutions located in forested areas, measures must be developed and implemented to exclude the possibility of fire spreading during forest and peat fires to buildings and structures (installation of protective firebreaks, removal of dry vegetation in the summer, etc.).
2.12. The territory of the preschool educational institution must be provided with fire safety signs.
3. General fire safety requirements for the maintenance of buildings and premises of preschool educational institutions
3.1. For sound insulation and finishing of walls and ceilings of premises, materials and structures that meet fire safety requirements and building codes should be used.
3.2. Work on fireproofing of building structures must be carried out by an organization that has a license to perform this type of work. Upon completion of these works, a report must be drawn up indicating the period of validity of the fire retardant.
3.3. Damaged areas of fire-retardant coatings of building structures must be restored in a timely manner, and the required fire-technical indicator of the building structure must be ensured.
3.4. Draperies and curtains in assembly and conference rooms, as well as acoustic finishing of walls and ceilings of preschool educational institutions must comply with the requirements of fire safety rules.
3.5. Paper and other flammable waste from trash cans as they accumulate, but at least once a day, must be taken outside the building to a specially designated place.
3.6. Special clothing should be stored in rooms specially designed for this purpose.
3.7. On the territory of the preschool educational institution, the use of open fire sources (lighting fires, burning garbage, waste, using torches, kerosene lanterns, smoking, etc.) is not allowed.
3.8. It is not allowed to install and use household electrical appliances (refrigerators, microwave ovens, electric heaters, electric kettles, etc.) in office premises without first calculating the load currents and agreeing with the person responsible for the electrical equipment of the preschool educational institution.
3.9. Ironing of special clothing must be done in rooms specially equipped for this purpose. Ironing should be performed with irons with working thermostats and light indicators. Irons must be installed on stands made of non-combustible materials.
3.10. The following is not allowed in the preschool educational institution:
- use kerosene lamps and candles for indoor lighting;
- use open fire to heat water supply, sewer pipes and heating systems inside buildings;
- operate faulty household electrical appliances.
3.11. When carrying out fire, construction and installation work in a preschool educational institution, one should be guided by the Fire Regulations in the Russian Federation (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 N 390) and other regulatory legal acts in force in this area.
4. Escape routes
4.1. Evacuation routes for children and personnel from buildings and premises in case of fire (hereinafter referred to as evacuation routes) must be kept clear. It is not allowed to place any objects, store equipment and materials, or install furniture on evacuation routes.
4.2. Furniture and equipment in buildings and premises must be installed in such a way that the width of passages on escape routes meets the requirements of regulatory documents.
4.3. Special equipment that facilitates the successful evacuation of people in case of fire (equipment of warning systems, smoke protection, installation of fire automatics, evacuation lighting, fire safety signs) must be kept in good working order.
4.4. Fire doors, glazing of window and door openings in internal walls and partitions on escape routes, devices for self-closing doors and seals in door vestibules on escape routes must be in good condition.
4.5. It is not allowed to install locks on the doors of emergency exits from buildings that cannot be opened from the inside in case of fire.
4.6. In buildings with 24-hour occupancy, maintenance personnel must have electric lights in case of a power outage. The number of lanterns is determined by the manager based on the characteristics of the preschool educational institution, the availability of duty personnel, the number of personnel in the building, but not less than one for each employee on duty.
4.7. In preschool educational institutions with round-the-clock stay of children, the duty shift service personnel involved in the implementation of the fire evacuation plan must be provided with personal respiratory protection equipment from toxic combustion products and thermal decomposition, which must be stored directly at the service personnel’s workplace.
4.8. For all floors of buildings and structures, evacuation plans must be developed and posted on each floor.
4.9. The premises must be provided with an individual evacuation plan with a reminder about fire safety measures and rules of behavior in fire conditions.
4.10. Signs or inscriptions indicating the name of the person responsible for fire safety of the premises must be placed in visible places in the premises.
4.11. Telephone sets of the external network must have signs posted (installed) indicating the telephone number for calling fire rescue units.
4.12. Installation and operation of electrical installations in buildings and structures must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the relevant regulations.
4.13. When operating heating and ventilation systems in buildings, one should be guided by the requirements of the relevant regulations.
4.14. External fire escapes and fences on the roofs (coverings) of buildings and structures must be kept in good condition and periodically checked for compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents.
5. Laundries, catering units, refrigeration units
5.1. The technological equipment of laundries, catering units and refrigeration units, the modes of its operation and maintenance must meet the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents, technological regulations and passport data.
5.2. Technological equipment and heating devices must be fireproof under normal operating conditions.
5.3. It is not allowed to carry out production operations on faulty technological equipment, as well as when the control and measuring instruments that determine the specified technological parameters are turned off.
5.4. When installing and operating equipment with fire heating (stoves, stoves), you should be guided by the requirements of building codes and fire safety rules.
5.5. In catering areas, exhaust hoods, kitchen appliance piping, final outlet, fan impeller and housing must be regularly cleaned of combustible dust and deposits.
5.6. Welding work on pipelines of existing ammonia refrigeration units is permitted only on devices and pipeline sections that are disconnected and cleared of ammonia.
5.7. Maintenance of refrigeration units must be carried out by persons who have special training and are appointed by order of the preschool educational institution.
5.8. Emergency lighting in the machinery and equipment rooms of ammonia refrigeration units must always be in good condition.
5.9. The use of refrigerated chambers and refrigeration units for purposes other than their intended purpose is not permitted. Oil storage should be provided in a separate room.
5.10. Heating cylinders with refrigerants to speed up filling of the system is not allowed. Refrigerant cylinders must be placed at a distance of no closer than 3 m from heating appliances.
5.11. Refrigerant containers should be stored in special warehouses; their storage in engine rooms is not allowed.
5.12. Placement of refrigeration units with brine cooling of chambers is allowed only in the engine room, which has access to the outside or through a corridor separated from other rooms by doors.
5.13. It is not allowed to punch holes, run pipes, install fasteners, or stick flammable materials in the fire zones of refrigeration chambers.
5.14. During the operation of the machinery and equipment rooms of ammonia refrigeration units, it is not allowed to reduce the area of window openings, use glass blocks and glass profiles instead of ordinary glass, and also replace the non-combustible insulation of refrigeration chambers provided for by the design with combustible one.
5.15. During preventive inspections of equipment in machinery and equipment rooms of ammonia refrigeration units, portable explosion-proof lamps should be used for lighting.
6. Checks and assessment of the fire safety status of preschool educational institutions
6.1. Checks (audits) of the fire safety status of preschool educational institutions are an important component of ensuring its proper level. During inspections, issues of material and technical support for fire safety, compliance with fire safety requirements by managers, employees and students and their training in actions in case of a fire are studied.
6.2. The main directions for assessing the fire safety status of preschool educational institutions:
— availability and quality of instructions on fire safety measures, incl. regulating the rules for the use of open fire in the territory, the passage of vehicles, the prohibition of smoking and the conduct of temporary fire hazardous work;
— availability and quality of administrative documents defining the procedure for completing introductory and primary fire safety briefings, as well as additional training on preventing and extinguishing possible fires;
— the availability and quality of an administrative document defining the procedure for notifying people about a fire, those responsible for the operation of buildings where technical means of notifying people about a fire are not required;
- equipping buildings with plans (schemes) for evacuation of people in case of fire, as well as the presence in buildings with mass occupancy of people of additions to the schematic plan for evacuation of people in case of fire in the form of instructions defining the actions of personnel to ensure safe and quick evacuation of people (for objects with overnight occupancy of people with two options for action: during the day and at night);
— the availability and quality of an administrative document regulating the conduct of practical training of all workers involved in the evacuation, as well as documents confirming their conduct;
— equipping the premises with signs indicating the telephone number to call the fire department, as well as a special room with visual aids, educational and methodological materials for conducting introductory fire safety briefings. Compliance of fire safety signs with the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety, as well as the presence of corners and fire safety stands;
— presence and work at the site of a fire-technical commission, a voluntary fire brigade, its equipment and training;
— compliance with the requirements for daily reporting to the fire department in the exit area of which the facility is located, information about the number of people present at the facility at night (if any);
— compliance of the number of people simultaneously present in the halls (rooms) of buildings with a large occupancy of people (rooms with simultaneous occupancy of 50 or more people) to the number established by design standards or determined by calculation (in the absence of design standards), based on the condition of ensuring the safe evacuation of people during fire;
— compliance with the requirements for the operation of evacuation routes and exits, design solutions and the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety (including the lighting, quantity, size and space-planning solutions of evacuation routes and exits, as well as the presence of fire safety signs on evacuation routes). Installation of three-dimensional self-luminous fire safety signs with autonomous power supply and from the electrical network, used on evacuation routes (including illuminated signs “Evacuation (emergency) exit”, “Emergency exit door”);
— provision of buildings with permanent occupancy of people who are unable to move independently with stretchers in accordance with fire safety requirements. Placement of wards for seriously ill patients and children on the lower floors;
— providing a building with a height of 5 or more floors with individual rescue devices (a set of rescue equipment or a hanging rescue ladder) at the rate of one device for every 30 people on the building floor;
- storage of individual rescue devices in a place accessible to every person on the floor, appropriately marked with a fire safety sign. Providing each individual life-saving device with a tag indicating the two nearest rooms equipped with devices for fastening the device;
- not allowing the placement of children, if there are more than 25 of them, in wooden buildings with stove heating. Providing building maintenance personnel with individual filtering means for respiratory protection, which are stored directly at the maintenance personnel’s workplace. Practical actions of maintenance personnel at night and during the day when a fire source is conditionally detected;
— providing, in buildings with a large number of people, service personnel with electric lights in case of a power outage (at least one for each employee on duty);
— serviceability of primary fire extinguishing equipment, compliance of their quantity with established standards;
— serviceability of devices for self-closing doors, absence of any devices that prevent their normal closing;
— availability and serviceability of fire protection systems and installations (smoke protection, fire automatic equipment, fire doors, valves, other protective devices in fire walls and ceilings, etc.);
— the condition of fire-retardant coatings (plaster, special paints, varnishes, coatings, etc.) of building structures, flammable finishing and heat-insulating materials, metal supports, etc. (fire retardant treatment (impregnation) must be checked at least twice a year);
— compliance of furnaces, boiler rooms, heat generators and heater installations, other heating devices and systems with fire safety requirements;
- the absence of blind bars on windows and pits near basement windows, with the exception of cases specifically specified in the norms and rules approved in accordance with the established procedure, as well as the presence of locks on the doors of attic rooms, technical floors and basements, in which, according to the technology, constant stay of people, and relevant information about the place where keys are stored;
— the condition of external fire escapes and fences on the roofs (coverings) of buildings, carrying out operational tests at least once every five years;
— maintaining fire-fighting water supply networks in good condition, ensuring the water consumption required by standards for fire extinguishing needs, conducting checks of their performance at least twice a year (spring and autumn). Maintaining fire hydrants in good condition, the presence of appropriate signs at the hydrants and reservoirs (water sources), as well as in the direction of movement towards them (volumetric with a lamp or flat, made using reflective coatings);
— equipping the fire hydrants of the internal fire-fighting water supply with hoses and trunks, connecting the fire hose to the valve and trunk (the hoses are rolled onto a new slope at least once a year);
— condition of the facility’s territory (cleaning the area of flammable waste, garbage, containers, fallen leaves, dry grass, etc., absence of temporary structures, open warehouses, and vehicle parking in fire breaks). The condition of roads, driveways and entrances to buildings, external fire escapes and water sources used for fire extinguishing purposes. Lighting at night for fire hydrants, external fire escapes and places where fire equipment is located, as well as entrances to the piers of fire reservoirs, to the entrances to buildings and structures. Equipment of a protective mineralized strip with a width of at least 3 m along the perimeter of the territories of objects located in tracts of coniferous forests;
— availability of a fire safety declaration registered in the prescribed manner.
Note. For scheduled inspections of buildings of preschool educational organizations, dormitory buildings of educational organizations with a boarding school and children's organizations (functional fire hazard class F1.1), forms of checklists (checklists) have been approved - see Appendix No. 1 to the order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 28, 2018 N 261. In accordance with current legislation, the subject of a scheduled inspection is limited to the requirements set out in the checklist. Making additional demands is illegal.
[1] Note:
Fire safety of electrical equipment and electrical appliances is ensured by compliance with the Labor Safety Rules during the operation of electrical installations (approved by order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated July 24, 2013 No. 328n) and the Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations (approved by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated January 13, 2003 No. 6). Other related articles
conclusions
Preschool educational institutions are a fundamental component in educating the younger generation about fire safety, as well as complex facilities in terms of fire danger, where large numbers of people predominate and where total control over compliance with fire safety requirements is necessary.
As we can see from the material reviewed, the scope for maintaining documentation on fire safety and organizational measures is no less, and often more, than in office premises and production facilities.
