Features of use
When practicing in the form of a game with mnemonic tables, children are asked to:
- review speech therapy cards;
- remember what is described;
- talk about what you saw, focusing on the pictures.
When children use mnemonics and perform assigned tasks, they actively carry out the following processes:
- viewing diagrams and understanding what you see;
- transformation of visual data into figurative data, identification of what is seen with a concept;
- compiling a story based on drawings;
- memorizing fairy tales, stories, etc.
Older preschoolers can themselves take part in compiling mnemonic tables, focusing on the words of the teacher, who broke the story (fairy tale, riddle) into situations, explaining what needs to be drawn. The simplest and most interesting option is to depict a mnemonic table on the theme of the seasons (summer, winter, etc.) or based on fairy tales (best of all, your favorite ones).
The development of children's coherent speech in older preschool age is also possible and necessary at home (at any time convenient for parents and the baby). This can help:
- joint reading of books with fairy tales, equipped with bright illustrations, reciting the main points and highlighting key characters and events;
- regular use of fiction as an effective means for increasing the level of development of coherent speech;
- a large book with tasks and exercises aimed at the active development of a child’s coherent speech (can be purchased in the children’s educational literature department of any bookstore);
- Doman cards;
- methodological recommendations for the development of coherent speech; other methods at the discretion of parents and the advice of teachers and speech therapists.
What is mnemonics
Mnemonics for increasing the level of speech development is a set of techniques aimed at improving perception with memorization of various information using sound samples and visual illustrations.
Provided that classes are carried out systematically, mnemonics for speech development allow you to:
- improve the memorization of heard texts in the form of stories, fairy tales, etc.;
- transform visually acquired data into abstract (and vice versa);
- create logical chains of events;
- Expand words knowledge;
- stimulate the development of imagination and thinking;
- develop children’s ability to compose complex sentences of a descriptive type, which include many words.
Mnemonics, as one of the most effective methods of memorization, is actively used not only by speech therapists, but also by teachers in kindergartens and other preschool institutions.
There are no age restrictions for classes, but many specialized experts recognize the age of 4-5 years as the most optimal, when children already have a fairly rich and varied stock of words and phrases that they can actively use.
The main tool that is used in mnemonics for developing the level of coherent speech in preschool children are mnemonic tables - specific diagrams in which certain information data is embedded.
Mnemonic diagrams for the little ones should be painted in bright shades so that the image that a frog is green, a chicken is yellow, etc. is imprinted in their minds.
For older children, it is preferable to use single-color schemes that do not distract attention, distracting them with additional, and often unnecessary, details.
Areas of use of mnemonic tables
Mnemonic tables for the formation and development of coherent speech (developmental and educational) are images of textual information that is previously divided into groups of words in sequential order. There is one illustration for each group of words. Thanks to such a schematic sketch of information, the baby easily perceives it, remembering everything without much effort.
Using mnemonic tables for speech development, the following is carried out:
- Memorizing fairy tales or rhymes. Young children take part with great interest in educational games based on fairy tales they know. At home, you can invite your child to tell a story to his favorite toy, using a series of pictures. You can also draw a mnemonic table together, depicting the heroes of events with your own invented symbols, for example, a triangle is a person, a wavy line is a cloud in the sky. Thus, not only the formation of coherent speech occurs, but also the active development of imagination and fantasy with the manifestation of the hidden creative abilities of children.
- Learning general rules, such as how to brush your teeth correctly. The diagrams depict the sequence of all manipulations that are easily perceived and remembered.
- Compiling stories describing objects, events, pets, etc. Focusing on pictures that answer basic questions: who is it, what color is it, what sounds does it make, what does it like to eat, etc., children can create a consistent description.
- Working on a retelling. After reading the text, the most difficult words are highlighted, the meaning of which must be explained to the child. After the explanations, a conversation should be held on the entire content of the text with a demonstration of drawings from the mnemonic table. A joint retelling using pictures will allow the child to quickly remember information and tell the story he heard himself.
- Solving riddles. With the help of mnemonic tables, children learn to identify an exact object, focusing on its characteristics. At the first stage, it is necessary to explain to the child everything that is depicted in each picture, and only after that offer to independently guess the encrypted object.
Speech therapy classes on the development of coherent speech using a variety of mnemonic diagrams involve memorizing and deciphering the plot illustrations given in the table. The type and thematic content of mnemonic tables can be different; execution can be printed (Doman cards) or made by hand. Cards for speech development in the first lessons should be small with light storylines; it is recommended to place 3-4 of them in one row, in this position they are easier to perceive.
