What should be in the fire safety corner in kindergarten

In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, preschool teachers must instill in their pupils the skills of safe handling of fire and its sources. The fire safety corner in kindergarten is designed to: introduce the child to the concept of fire in a playful way; warn about the danger that threatens a person when confronted with smoke and open fire; familiarize yourself with the rules for safe handling of matches and household appliances; show how to prevent danger; tell what measures need to be taken in the event of an emergency; to whom and how to report a fire. Designing stands is a useful creative process that will help instill in a child a culture of handling household fire sources.

The need to know the rules of behavior in case of fire in kindergarten

A fire is an emergency situation during which people’s property, their health and life may be damaged.

Note! The danger of fire threatens a person regardless of age, therefore, from early childhood, parents, educators and teachers should tell children about the rules of behavior in the event of the uncontrolled spread of fire.

Example of a fire safety corner

What should a preschooler do if there is a fire alarm?

A fire alarm should not take a child by surprise. Every kindergarten student and secondary school student must clearly know how to behave in the event of an emergency and what actions to take.

What your child needs to know:

• a plan for exiting the preschool educational institution into the open air;
• rules of conduct (strictly follow the teacher’s instructions, do not panic, do not try to jump from windows, do not hide from flames indoors, call for help);
• if the room is smoky, put a cotton-gauze bandage on your face or cover your breathing organs with a damp cloth;
• in an organized manner, two people move towards the exit as close to the floor as possible, since below the concentration of harmful substances in the air is lower;
• participate in roll call.

These measures will help preserve health and life.

How to leave the premises in an orderly manner

Types of children's corners

Safety corners are made for a variety of areas of children's education. The corner of road safety is rightfully considered the main one. Of course, children rarely get to kindergarten on their own, but almost all of them live in busy yards or near roads.

The second, mandatory for every educational institution, is a corner of the rules of conduct in case of fire. This visual material will help introduce children to various dangerous situations, tell them how to act in the event of an emergency and how to avoid them.

General rules for stand design

A standard size has been developed for the stand: 490 x 770 mm, but it can vary. The main requirement is good perception of information. Pictures should be clear and bright, and easy-to-read text and diagrams should be presented on a contrasting background. Important information needs to be conveyed in simple language, divided into blocks of attention.

Stand example

Modern means of attracting attention: infographics, flip books

Thanks to the properties of visual memory, the child will reliably learn information on the topic of fire.

How to dramatize fairy tales in secondary groups of preschool educational institutions

A fire safety corner in a preschool institution may include:

• texts and images illustrating the risks when using matches, household electrical appliances, sockets;
• possible consequences of careless handling;
• procedure for action in the event of an emergency;
• description of the activities of firefighters;
• telephone numbers to call in case of an emergency;
• themed toys: fire trucks, rescue figures, fire extinguishers;
• pop-up books whose characters show correct and dangerous examples of handling electrical appliances in everyday life;
• other materials to familiarize your child with safety rules.

Note! Important information is quickly and clearly perceived and assimilated by the child thanks to the use of infographic elements. It transmits data through images, tables, diagrams.

Another example of a fire corner

Actions in case of fire in pictures

Illustrations, supplemented with text, will help to clearly tell preschoolers about the main causes of fires.

Among them:

• careless actions;
• game with matches;
• included electrical appliances and gas stoves;
• use of pyrotechnics.

The preschooler must learn the rules of behavior if the fire begins to spread:

• dial the fire department phone number 01 and call rescuers;
• extinguish minor fires with a blanket;
• get out of the building and close the door behind you, and if this is not possible, go out onto the balcony and breathe through a damp cloth.

In a separate block you should use pictures that show what is not allowed:

• fill electrical appliances with water;
• hide in the back of the room;
• use the elevator and stairs if there is smoke.

Poster "Fighting Fire"

Fire safety stand

To decorate the PPB stand, a shield made of hard material is used. Its dimensions are regulated: 490 by 770 mm. Information modules are separated from each other by frames. The stand may contain modules with the following information:

• legislative acts, orders of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation;
• fire prevention measures;
• evacuation routes for employees and visitors;
• pictures of presentations, supplemented with captions about the use of personal protective equipment;
• methods of providing first aid to victims of fire, smoke, in a crush, as a result of falling from windows or from stairs;
• feature articles with photos;
• rules of application and technical parameters of primary protection equipment;
• rules of action when a fire is detected;
• emergency telephone numbers.

The stand is located in a place with high traffic. A wall near an elevator or restroom would work well. The law does not provide for a fine for the absence of a fire shield, but this may become an additional point to the general claims of the commission. The stand must meet the following requirements:

• be made of non-flammable materials (the base of the stands is usually made of PVC, and the hanging elements are made of plexiglass);
• be resistant to mechanical damage and have a long service life;
• there should be no protruding or sharp elements on the shield;
• be equipped with a special “pocket” for new messages;
• information should be highlighted in bright, eye-catching colors;
• paper media must be covered with a screen or laminated;
• texts must be written in a language that is easy to understand; the font chosen is easy to read.

What should be in the fire safety corner

The corner should include a poster with thematic graphic and text information, toys and toy fire extinguishing equipment for acting out fire extinguishing scenes and electrical appliances with children.

Action plan in case of fire

The action plan should illustrate safe ways to exit the premises in an emergency.

Designations:

• arrows indicate the direction of movement to the exits;
• emergency exits;
• main and alternate routes;
• The locations of fire protection equipment, first aid kits, fire alarm buttons, and de-energization points are marked.

Output designations

Poster about primary fire extinguishing agents

On a poster dedicated to primary fire extinguishing means, their images should be placed:

• fire shield and its contents;
• fire extinguishers, their types and rules of use;
• box with sand + shovel;
• container with water and buckets;
• fiberglass for extinguishing minor fires;
• hose for connection to the tap.

Drawing classes in senior groups of preschool educational institutions

Rules for working with a fire extinguisher

A fire extinguisher is designed to eliminate small fires when a fire has just started.

The fire safety corner should include:

• a poster on the rules for using this device;
• image of a fire extinguisher, its components with signatures of each element;
• rules for the location of the device;
• preparation for use and application.

Each stage should be illustrated and accompanied by text information.

For your information! To start the device, you need to break the seal and pull the pin. Then position the sprayer in the direction of the source of fire and press the lever.

Usage:

• should be extinguished from the windward side;
• on an open surface, the jet should be directed towards the base of the flame, and in niches - upward;
• It is most effective to work in a group and use several fire extinguishers;
• Do not bend the hose;
• when extinguishing an electrical installation, you do not need to bring the powder device closer than 1 m to the combustion source;
• It is recommended to simmer at intervals of 5 seconds;
• When working with a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, do not touch the socket due to the risk of frostbite on your hands.

Fire extinguisher and its use

Preschool evacuation plan

The kindergarten evacuation plan must be presented on a poster in the form of a diagram of all kindergarten premises. At the bottom of the stand you should indicate the numbers of rescue services and information that should be provided to firefighters (address of the institution, location of the fire, your last name). All symbols and their meaning must be in the form of icons.

DIY fire stand

Compliance with fire safety standards at any enterprise includes the installation of specialized equipment. Fire stands are used for comprehensive protection of production and storage facilities in cases of small fires. The stand contains a container for storing sand and a place for fire equipment. The standard equipment of the fire stand includes:

• fire crowbar, prefabricated gaff, shovel, axe;
• two cone-shaped buckets;
• two carbon dioxide or powder type fire extinguishers;
• sand box.

Stands come in open and closed types. In the first version, fire equipment is stored in free access mode, in the second version it is protected from uncontrolled use.

Making a fire stand

Specialized trade organizations offer a large number of different fire equipment. However, if you have a locksmith workshop at your enterprise, you can make a fire stand with your own hands.

Let's consider the process of creating a closed metal stand with a sand storage bin with a volume of 0.5 m³. To do this, you will need sheets of metal 1-1.5 mm thick, 1200 mm wide and a total length of 5000 mm, a welding machine with electrodes and metalworking tools. Overall dimensions of the stand (W-H-D) – 1200×1500×540.

The manufacture of a cabinet for equipment and a container for storing sand occurs separately for ease of installation and transportation. Based on the presented drawing and specified dimensions, metal sheets are cut. To impart the necessary rigidity to the structure, the sides of the boxes are welded using metal corners. To install the hinged lid on the sand container and the inventory cabinet doors, rotary hinges are welded. Next, the burrs are cleaned and the sharp edges of the metal components are rounded.

The stand is painted inside and out using special paints and varnishes that protect the structure from adverse climatic influences. The red color is due to the need to attract attention to fire extinguishing equipment in the event of an unusual situation.

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Brackets for fire equipment are installed on the inner wall of the cabinet. The fastenings should not prevent the removal of tools when they need to be used. Ventilation holes are made in the upper part of the sides of the sand box and on the door of the inventory cabinet. The structures are fastened together using bolted connections.

A closed-type metal fire stand provides for hidden storage of equipment and fire-fighting materials. Unauthorized use of tools and equipment other than for their intended purpose is not permitted. Therefore, the cabinet doors can be equipped with a lock.

The equipment of the fire stand depends on the degree of fire hazard of the protected object. Depending on the types of flammable substances, different fire extinguishing agents are used. Therefore, the number and types of fire equipment differ at different enterprises. The required set of tools and fire extinguishers can be found in the technical documents of the organization, in the all-Russian fire safety rules or in the Ministry of Emergency Situations at the location of the facility.

The enterprise must monitor the safety of fire equipment and regularly check the suitability of special materials. These procedures are carried out by the person responsible for fire safety compliance. The timing of verification of fire extinguishers is determined in the accompanying technical documents.

Application of fire stands

A self-made closed-type metal stand can be used at objects for various purposes. Basically, such designs are found in technical enterprises:

• gas stations,
• service stations,
• industrial enterprises,
• construction projects,
• warehouse buildings.

These fire stands are widely used in children's and medical institutions, sports facilities and places of active recreation for the population.

In the agricultural industry, in most cases, open stands are used. They are equipped with elevators, grain receiving enterprises, grain warehouses and warehouses.

Fire stands are installed at facilities that are not equipped with water fire extinguishing systems. The structures are placed in prominent, easily accessible areas, where they will not interfere with the evacuation of personnel and visitors in the event of a fire. A properly installed and equipped fire stand can save lives and prevent the development of a crisis situation.

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